1700-tal: Nordic Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies

Black Lives Matter meets Eighteenth-Century Studies: Perspectives from the Nordic countries

2021-07-02T13:58:16+02:00

Contested legacies of early modern colonialism in Norway

2021-07-06T15:17:21+02:00

Summary and reflections on the ”Linnaeus debate” in Sweden 2020/2021

2021-07-06T15:17:45+02:00

A Big Splash in Shallow Waters

2021-07-06T15:18:12+02:00

Black Lives Matter movement, monuments and Finland

2021-07-06T15:18:35+02:00

Can’t remember to forget you

2021-07-06T15:18:54+02:00

Eighteenth-century visions of the Stone Age

2021-07-06T15:14:31+02:00

Archaeological concepts of prehistory and the Stone Age are rooted in nineteenth-century scientific discoveries, which extended the human past much further back in time than was previously thought. Without this deep past, the disciplines of archaeology and history would not be what they are today. However, when the division of prehistory into the ages of stone, bronze, and iron was introduced in 1836, it was already an old idea. Stone Age artefacts and the initial phase of human history were discussed in the eighteenth-century academic world, even though the periodisation of history was constructed differently. In the philosophy of the Enlightenment several ideas surfaced which were essential to the formation of archaeology as a scientific practice, and which still affect the way the prehistoric past is imagined. This article examines the concept of a prehistoric, furthest past in Finnish scientific texts, within the framework of eighteenth-century Swedish traditions of science and historiography. How did the scholars in the Academy of Turku view Stone Age artefacts that had a multi-faceted nature in the antiquarian tradition? In what way did their visions of the earliest phase of the Nordic past set up later nationalistic narratives about prehistory?

Fiktionalitet i F.C. Eilschovs Forsøg til en Fruentimmer-Philosophie

2021-07-06T15:14:01+02:00

This article investigates how and why the Danish philosopher Frederik Christian Eilschov in Forsøg til en Fruentimmer-Philosophie as one of the first scientists in Denmark uses fictionality as a rhetorical strategy to communicate science. I argue that Eilschov uses both global and local fictionality to transfer scientific content from a male, Latin and scientific public to a female, Danish and literary public by mimicking rhetorical strategies prevalent in the female public. The reason for his changing rhetoric is that it among other things allows the readers to identify with a woman philosopher and presents a certain knowledge praxis and culture. In addition, Eilschov also thinks women have greater imagination and therefore are conditioned to other rhetorical strategies than men. Though Eilschov has been acknowledged as one of the more influential rationalists in Denmark during the 18^thcentury as well as an important language puritan his role as one of the first scientists in Denmark that introduces fictionality as a rhetorical strategy to communicate science has been underemphasized. This article aims to change that.

Heteronomi som forutsetning for autonomi

2021-07-02T13:41:33+02:00

In his major works in ethics, Immanuel Kant (1724—1804) does not pay much attention to the question how humans become moral. The main tasks for Kant in these works are to establish the moral law and discuss its application. However, in his minor works in ethics and pedagogy he draws our attention to the question mentioned and claims that humans first become moral when they get 16 years old. Before we reach this age, our will (Willkür) is able to choose, that means prioritize, between rationality (the moral law) and sensitivity (inclinations), but our will (Wille) lacks the capacity to impose the moral law on ourselves. To evolve in this regard so that our will becomes fully moral and autonomous, we need moral restrictions from other people with more moral experience. The relevant Kantian distinction in this regard is the distinction Kant draws between persons and moral actors in the wake of his formula of the categorical imperative called the formula of humanity. According to this distinction, a person needs to be educated heteronomously in order to reach the level of moral actor and become autonomous. Constraint is therefore a necessary condition for self-constraint.

Böndernas agerande inför och anpassning till storskiftet i sydvästra Finland

2021-07-06T15:15:10+02:00

This article examines peasants’ goals and means of negotiation in the reallocation of land or enclosure reform called storskifte in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century in Southwest Finland. It stresses the agency of peasants and their actions in the quest for best practices. The study is based on the meeting minutes of the storskifte reform of 230 villages with mainly freeholders or crown tenants as stakeholders. This article shows how peasants balanced between individualism and collectivism in their decision making because their goals were opposite. They aimed to increase the freedom of work and decision making in the household economy. At the same time, the cooperation with neighbours was an important method of decreasing the workload and costs of farming. Sources indicate that peasants made agreements with each other so they could combine both goals. They achieved independence as farmers as well as low costs by combining consolidation of land with mutual agreements about cooperation in specific issues, but they allowed each other to do individual decisions, too. This kind of flexible solution-seeking behaviour provides a new perspective on the discussion about peasants and agricultural change.

Pehr Strand och speluret på Lövstabruks herrgård

2021-07-06T15:54:28+02:00

Pehr Strand (c. 1758–1826) was the most prominent builder of organ clocks in Sweden around 1800. Strand built in the so-called Berlin tradition, but with clock cases decorated in the typical Gustavian style. The music on the barrels are examples of the typical repertoire performed at different venues in Stockholm, and published in the periodical Musikaliskt Tidsfördrif. A micro-history of the organ clock at the Lövstabruk Manor describes the current position of the research field, and provides, with related sources of different kinds, a reference point for a call to researchers from other fields to contribute in their respectively area of expertise.

Progress or Mistake?

2021-07-06T15:16:20+02:00

This article focuses on the ideas behind the introduction of reindeer to Iceland, how the Danish authorities played a role and the attitudes that prevailed among Icelanders towards this new species in Icelandic nature. The Danish authorities had reindeer exported from Finnmark in Norway to Iceland in the late eighteenth century. They adapted to the Icelandic environment and grew in numbers, except for the first imported little flock, which seems to have died out soon. The idea of bringing reindeer to Iceland came from a few Icelandic officials, who asked the Danish authorities for support. The reindeer kept themselves in the remote heaths and highlands in the districts where they roamed free from the beginning. Nevertheless, in harsh winters, they fled the highlands and came down to the lowlands to graze. This caused frustration among farmers, who complained to the authorities and demanded permission to hunt reindeer to defend their grazing land and obtain reindeer meat for their households.

[Title page, Colophon, Table of Contents]

2021-07-08T11:03:06+02:00

Redaktionens förord

2021-07-08T11:02:39+02:00

Call for papers: Rights and Wrongs in the 18th Century

2021-07-08T11:03:35+02:00

Jaakko Sivonen, Patriotism in an Absolute Monarchy: Fatherland, Citizenship and the Enlightenment in Prussia, 1756–1806 (Helsinki: Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki, 2020). 306 pp.

2021-07-06T15:19:47+02:00

Francisca Hoyer, Relations of Absence: Germans in the East Indies and Their Families c. 1750–1820 (Uppsala: Acta Historica Upsaliensia, 2020). 370 pp.

2021-07-06T15:20:28+02:00

Elisabeth Svarstad, 'Aqquratesse i alt af Dands og Triin og Opförsel': Dans som social dannelse i Norge 1750–1820 (Trondheim: doktorsavhandlingar ved NTNU, 2017). 261 pp.

2021-07-06T15:20:50+02:00

Charlotte Bellamy, Les professionnels de bouche français dans la Suède gustavienne, 1750–1820 (Florence: European University Institute, 2020). 571 pp.

2021-07-06T15:21:11+02:00

Kirsi Laine, Maatalous, isojako ja talonpoikainen päätöksenteko Lounais-Suomessa 1750–1850 [Agriculture, enclosure and the decision making of peasants in Sounth-West Finland 1750–1850] (Loimaa: Suomen maatalousmuseo Sarka, 2020). 394 pp.

2021-07-06T15:22:04+02:00

Henrik Horstbøll, Ulrik Langen & Frederik Stjernfelt, Grov konfækt – Tre vilde år med trykkefrihed 1770-73 (København: Gyldendal, 2020). Vol. I, 513 pp., Vol. II, 559 pp.

2021-07-06T15:22:24+02:00

Fabian Persson, Survival and Revival in Sweden’s Court and Monarchy, 1718‒1930 (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020). 349 pp.

2021-07-06T15:22:48+02:00

Carolina Brown Ahlund, Den bekväma vardagen. Kvinnor kring bord på 1700-talets Näs (Stockholm: Carlsson Bokförlag, 2020). 344 pp.

2021-07-06T15:23:09+02:00

Doris Ottesen og Carsten Bach-Nielsen, Vestindiske spor: Dansk Vestindien i den koloniale og efterkoloniale litteraturhistorie (Odense Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2020). 338 pp.

2021-07-06T15:23:31+02:00

Fabian Persson, Women at the Early Modern Swedish Court. Power, Risk, and Opportunity (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021). 340 pp.

2021-07-06T15:23:54+02:00

Petri Talvitie, Taistelu perintökirjasta. Talonpojat, aateli ja kruununtilojen perinnöksiostot 1700-luvun Suomessa ja Ruotsissa [Kampen om bördsbrevet. Bönder, adel och skatteköp av kronohemman i Finland och Sverige på 1700-talet], Historiallisia tutkimuksia, 282 (Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2020). 297 pp.

2021-07-06T15:24:16+02:00

Johan Stén, Kulta-aika. Valistus ja luonnontieteet Turun Akatemiassa [The Golden Age. Enlightenment and science at the Academy of Turku] (Helsinki: Art House, 2021). 517 pp.

2021-07-06T15:24:40+02:00

Erla Dóris Halldórsdóttir, Óhreinu börnin hennar Evu: Holdsveiki í Noregi og á Íslandi [Eve’s Unclean Children: Leprosy in Iceland and Norway] (Reykjavík: Ugla, 2020). 416 pp.

2021-07-06T15:25:03+02:00

Anne Eriksen, Livets læremester: Historiske kunnskapstradisjoner i Norge 1650–1840 (Oslo: Pax forlag, 2020). 336 pp.

2021-07-06T15:25:26+02:00

Bent Holm, Ludvig Holberg, a Danish Playwright on the European Stage: Masquerade, Comedy, Satire, oversat fra dansk af Gaye Kynoch (Hollitzer Verlag, 2018). 265 s.

2021-07-06T15:25:50+02:00

Jacqueline Eales & Beverly Tjerngren (eds.), The Social Life of the Early Modern Protestant Clergy, Special issue of The Journal of Religious History, Literature and Culture, 6:2 (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2020). 120 pp.

2021-07-06T15:26:12+02:00

Jens Baggesen. Labyrinten eller Reise giennem Tydskland, Schweitz og Frankerig 1-2. Tekstudgivelse, efterskrift og noter ved Henrik Blicher (København: Det danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab/Gyldendal, 2016). 422 + 460 pp.

2021-07-06T15:26:33+02:00

Per Pippin Aspaas & László Kontler, Maximilian Hell (1720–92) and the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe (Leiden: Brill, 2019). 477 pp.

2021-07-06T15:27:02+02:00

Jeppe Mulich, In a Sea of Empires: Networks and Crossings in the Revolutionary Caribbean (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020). 216 pp.

2021-07-06T15:27:22+02:00

Joseph M. Adelman, Revolutionary Networks: The Business and Politics of Printing the News 1763–1789 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2019). 255 pp.

2021-07-06T15:27:40+02:00

Meelis Friedenthal, Hanspeter Marti & Robert Seidel (eds.), Early Modern Disputations and Dissertations in an Interdisciplinary and European Context (Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2021). 908 pp.

2021-07-06T15:28:14+02:00