1700-tal: Nordic Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies

[Title page, Colophon, Table of Contents]

Johannes Ljungberg — 2022-12-29

Redaktionens förord

Johannes Ljungberg — 2022-12-29

Läskultur, materialitet & sociala praktiker

My Hellsing — 2022-12-29

'Ihre defension zu führen'

Andreas Hellerstedt — 2022-12-29

This article discusses two lesser known proponents of animal rights in early eighteenth-century Northern Europe. In Sweden, Johan Upmarck argued for an “analogy” of rights of animals in 1714. German scholar Immanuel Proeleus proposed a set of animal rights and human duties towards animals in 1709.

Both authors place restrictions on these rights. In the case of Upmarck, the rights are described through the notion of an “analogy”. The rights of animals are only rights in an improper sense, and not comparable to the rights humans have. In the case of Proeleus, animal rights are placed on a foundational level, as a category of rights that are common to both men and other animals. This gives them a stronger position than is the case in Upmarck’s argument, but animal rights are in the final analysis nonetheless relegated to a subordinate status. However, Proeleus goes much further in detailing the exact nature of the rights of animals and the duties of humans to care for and protect them, although Upmarck also delineates what constitutes “illicit cruelty” towards animals and discusses their experience of suffering.

Viska om mitt qval

Charlotta Wolff — 2022-12-29

Gustav Philip Creutz and Gustaf Fredrik Gyllenborg, both born in 1731, were two major authors who developed pastoral and epic poetry in Swedish and who were also known for their literary friendship. In Swedish and Finnish national literature, they are known as representatives of a supposedly light, rococo style that fell out of fashion in the nineteenth century. By proposing a queer reading of their poetry, this article takes a new approach to their works, arguing that these can be used as valuable sources for the history of gender, genderqueer and feelings of love and friendship. While previous studies have generally analysed Creutz’s and Gyllenborg’s works separately, they are here seen as a mutual venture in the context of a shifting, gendered public space, however within a strongly classical framework, which allowed the authors to play at several intertextual levels to appeal to the sensitivities of different readers.

De svenska biblarna som aldrig blev av

Sebastian Selvén — 2022-12-29

It has often been assumed that the late eighteenth century in Sweden never produced much of interest on the exegetical or theological plane. This was the period in which the Bible, a hotly debated text in Enlightenment Europe, was famously never translated in any accepted version and the philological, academic and theological work that was done during the Gustavian era has been underappreciated in later historiography. Picking up on the notion of a ‘religious Enlightenment,’ this article analyzes three biblical translation projects, the official Bible commission of 1773, the private translations of Bishop Johan Adam Tingstadius and the private Jewish translation of Genesis 49 by David Josephsson and Marcus Maure. Through a comparison of the translation work of Genesis 49 in these three projects this article argues for the usefulness of Bible reception in understanding the late eighteenth-century world. Philology, new historical knowledge and altered epistemic perspectives meant that the Bible, as the most central of classical and religious texts, could no longer be translated in the old 1541 tradition and that any translation of it would show the perspectives and ideologies of the translators and their intended audience, Jewish or Christian.

Facing natural extremes

Margrét Gunnarsdóttir — 2022-12-29

As a consequence of a large-scale volcanic outburst, the Laki eruption in 1783–1784, the focus of the world turned suddenly towards Iceland, a province of the Danish crown. The dynamic volcano in Iceland had far-reaching consequences for the outside world as the pollution was carried further by the wind, causing dramatic changes in weather conditions. The temperature in Europe fell by 1.5 °C over a two-year period. Icelanders endured extreme hardship as sulphuric haze swept the country during the summer of 1783 and temperature dropped dramatically for a time. The period which followed is termed ‘The Famine of the Mist’ in Icelandic history due to the thick fog caused by the eruption and the extreme cold weather. This article will discuss the experience the people of Iceland underwent at the time. Correspondence, which is the main source of the article, gives an intimate glimpse of people’s lives during this critical period caused by the Laki eruption. The letters reveal that, albeit exhausted and traumatized, people were striving to remain optimistic. The eyes of Europe and the enlightened world of scientists were cast on Iceland during these dramatic times. Icelandic contacts with the outside world, despite Iceland being located far away in the North Atlantic, were various and flowed in more than one direction. The administration of Iceland was centred in Copenhagen where a plan for free trade was already in preparation at the outbreak of the eruption.

När pandemin mötte 1700-talsforskningen

Johannes Ljungberg — 2022-12-29

Refleksjoner fra en medisinhistoriker i en pandemi

Susann Holmberg — 2022-12-29

Considering pandemics, history, and ethics

Elina Maaniitty — 2022-12-29

The history of disease control

Erla Dóris Halldórsdóttir — 2022-12-29

Cool Nature

Anna Albrektson — 2022-12-29

In this essay, an interdisciplinary group of researchers sets out to address the period 1780–1840 in Sweden in a new way, by placing nature at its centre. With the help of ecocritical and transcultural theory, combined with renewed attention to the Swedish fine arts, learned discourses, and practices, we suggest a new approach to these revolutionary decades. The perceived dissonance, the interplay between climatic conditions and cultural template in early modern and modern Sweden, has not been fully addressed in current research, despite the fact that the relationship between humankind and the environment is a central issue in contemporary society and scholarship. Representations of nature situate the nation, they negotiate the relationship between a sensed reality and an ideal, between human and more-than-human beings. We suggest a focus on the unpredictable space created by negotiations of nature in Swedish representations during this crucial period, and, furthermore, on the ways in which this creative space is charged with utopian possibilities in the early Anthropocene. This is the background and the driving force of the planned research project ‘Cool Nature: Utopian Landscapes in Sweden 1780–1840’.

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Eva Krause Jørgensen — 2022-12-29

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Pernilla Rasmussen — 2022-12-29

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Finn-Einar Eliassen — 2022-12-29

Carla Killander Cariboni, Catharina Raudvere, Vassilis Sabatakakis & Johan Stenström, Björnståhls resa: Europa och Konstantinopel 1767–1779 (Göteborg: Makadam förlag, 2021). 543 s.

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Maja Bondestam — 2022-12-29