TY - JOUR AU - Eddington, David Ellingson PY - 2019/11/18 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Variation in interrogative adverbials: 'cuán', 'qué tan', 'cómo de','lo que' and 'lo'+adj./adv.+'que' JF - Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics JA - Borealis VL - 8 IS - 2 SE - Articles DO - 10.7557/1.8.2.4909 UR - https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/borealis/article/view/4909 SP - 321-342 AB - <p class="western" align="left"><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>C</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>uán, qué tan, </em></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">and </span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>cómo de </em></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">are used to modify adverbs and adjectives in interrogatives</span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">. The</span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">y </span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">are also used in embedded clauses </span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">along with</span></span> <span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>lo que.</em></span></span> <span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Instances of these expressions were extracted from the Corpus del Espa</span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">ñ</span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">ol. In interrogatives, </span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>qué tan </em></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">was the most frequent. The idea that </span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>cuán </em></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">is archaic or limited to literary usage is not supported </span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">by these data</span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>Cómo de</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> is extremely infrequent except in Peninsular Spanish. In embedded clauses the frequency of these expressions appear in this order of frequency: </span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>lo que </em></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>&gt;</em></span></span> <span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>qué tan </em></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>&gt;</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em> cuán </em></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em>&gt;</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><em> cómo de. </em></span></span></p><p class="western" align="left"><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In an experiment speakers from Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela were shown 28 test sentences that contained different adverbial interrogatives. </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Their task was to cho</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">o</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">se the </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">expression</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> they </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">preferred</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">. </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Th</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">ese</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> results correlate highly with the </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">production </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">data from the corpus. </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Choice of adverbial was </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">moderated by gender and age as well.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" align="left">&nbsp;</p> ER -