Asignación y concordancia de género en español como segunda lengua: evidencia de un corpus de tamaño medio
Evidence from a Medium-Scale Learner Corpus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7557/1.14.3.8133Palabras clave:
asignación de género; concordancia de género; español L2; análisis de corpus de tamaño medio, enfoques basados en el uso en la ALSResumen
Este estudio investiga la precisión en la asignación y la concordancia de género en las producciones escritas de aprendientes francófonos de español en tres niveles de competencia. A partir de un corpus de aprendientes de tamaño medio, se codificaron todas las frases nominales en función de la asignación de género (reflejado en el determinante), así como de la concordancia entre el sustantivo y el adjetivo y entre el determinante y el adjetivo, y se examinó el impacto de diversos predictores lingüísticos y relacionados con los aprendientes mediante modelos bayesianos de efectos mixtos. Aunque la tasa general de errores fue relativamente baja —probablemente debido al tipo de tarea y al uso de vocabulario familiar—, los modelos revelaron efectos robustos del nivel de competencia y de factores gramaticales y léxicos subyacentes. La precisión en la asignación de género fue significativamente menor en los sustantivos con marcas de género no prototípicas o ambiguas, en los sustantivos femeninos y en los casos en los que el género gramatical en español no coincidía con el género en francés. Además, se observó una menor precisión en ciertos tipos de determinantes. La concordancia sustantivo-adjetivo se vio influenciada por los mismos factores, con excepción de las marcas de género ambiguas, que no tuvieron un efecto significativo. La concordancia determinante-adjetivo, por su parte, solo mostró menor precisión con sustantivos femeninos, lo que demuestra la pertinencia de distinguir entre concordancia sustantivo-adjetivo y concordancia determinante-adjetivo. Estos resultados contribuyen a una mejor comprensión del procesamiento del género en L2, demuestran la utilidad del análisis de corpus de tamaño medio en la adquisición de lenguas segundas, y sientan las bases para futuras investigaciones sobre combinaciones de lenguas más allá del español y el francés.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Maura Cruz Enríquez, François Pichette
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