Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Youth Self Report (YSR)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21337/0073Emneord (Nøkkelord):
Atferdsproblemer, Generell psykisk helse, Barn i skolealder, UngdomSammendrag
Beskrivelse: Youth Self Report (YSR) er et av spørreskjemaene som inngår i Achenbach´s System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA), i tillegg til Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) og Teacher´s Report Form (TRF). YSR måler kompetanse, adaptiv fungering og atferdsmessige vanskeområder for aldersgruppen 11–18 år. YSR opererer med en total skår, mål på internaliserende og eksternaliserende atferd, samt åtte ulike syndromskalaer. I tillegg beregnes skårer for kompetansedelen av skjemaet. Spørreskjemaet fylles ut på 20 minutter. Den første manualen ble utgitt i 1987. Torunn S. Nøvik og Sonja Heyerdahl (2002) står for den norske oversettelsen. For å gjennomføre YSR kreves det testspesifikk opplæring der mastergrad anbefales, sammen med relevant erfaring fra arbeid med ungdom og familier. Norske spørreskjemaer med engelsk manual og skåringsprogram kjøpes på aseba.nl. ASEBA-skjemaene er benyttet i kommunale tjenester, spesialisthelsetjenesten og forskning.
Litteratursøk: Til sammen ble 27 norske og 23 svenske/danske artikler inkludert i oppsummeringen. Bare én av disse var en spesifikk psykometrisk studie, mens de andre var studier der YSR ble brukt for å måle kompetanse, adaptiv fungering og atferdsmessige vanskeområder enten som utfallsvariabel, kontrollvariabel eller for å beskrive gruppen. Av de inkluderte norske studiene var 21 av 27 basert på kliniske grupper (for eksempel premature, lav fødselsvekt, alvorlig dysleksi, medfødt hjertefeil eller atferdsvansker), men flere av disse hadde kontroll- eller sammenligningsgrupper fra generelle populasjoner. Av de inkluderte svenske/danske studiene var 7 av 23 basert på kliniske grupper, mens de øvrige studiene var basert på ulike geografiske populasjoner med skoleungdom fra 12–18 år.
Psykometri: Totalt elleve av studiene hadde gjennomført adekvate studier av testens reliabilitet, mens det bare er gjennomført to normstudier basert på norske eller svensk/danske utvalg. Resultatene fra studiene støtter begrepsvaliditeten til testen som et godt mål på atferdsmessige vanskeområder. YSR viser moderate til høye korrelasjoner med andre spørreskjemaer for internaliserende og/eller eksternaliserende vansker.
Konklusjon: Det er god dokumentasjon på testens reliabilitet basert på norske eller svenske/danske utvalg, samt relativt god dokumentasjon på testens begrepsvaliditet. Det er imidlertid få normstudier fra Skandinavia, og disse bygger enten på små utvalg, eller dataene er over 20 år gamle, noe som er problematisk ved klinisk bruk av spørreskjemaet. Det er behov for mer forskning på YSRs psykometriske egenskaper for bruk i Skandinavia.
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