Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Olweus spørreskjema om mobbing for elever (OBVQ/OBVQ-R)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21337/0074Emneord (Nøkkelord):
Mobbing, Psykososial funksjon, Generell psykisk helse, Barn i skolealder, UngdomSammendrag
Beskrivelse: Olweus spørreskjema om mobbing for elever ble utviklet på 1980-tallet og brukes til å kartlegge mobbing i skolen basert på elevers selvrapportering. I Norge brukes skjemaet først og fremst i grunnskolen på 4. til 10. trinn. Skjemaet ble utviklet på norsk, men er senere oversatt til flere språk, inkludert engelsk: The Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ; Olweus, 1986) og The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R; Olweus, 1996). De mest brukte spørsmålene er to globale spørsmål om mobbing og to skalaer basert på 7–9 spørsmål om ulike former for mobbing. Rettighetene til å bruke spørreskjemaet i Norge eies av Regionalt Kunnskapssenter for barn og Unge (RKBU Vest), NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS.
Litteratursøk: Litteratursøket resulterte i 15 norske artikler (14 uavhengige studier) og 6 svenske/danske artikler (5 uavhengige studier).
Psykometri: Reliabiliteten til de to enkeltspørsmålene om mobbing er ikke undersøkt, men for de to skalaene er det funnet god indre konsistens. Det foreligger ikke norske normer, men for de to enkeltspørsmålene er det gjennomført flere svært store studier av forekomsten av mobbing. Det foreligger ikke normdata for de to skalaene. Resultatene viser god begrepsvaliditet for enkeltspørsmålene og for skalaene, men datagrunnlaget er betydelig mindre for sistnevnte.
Konklusjon: Det er god dokumentasjon på testens begrepsvaliditet, men det mangler delvis studier av testens reliabilitet. De to globale spørsmålene egner seg til å måle forekomsten av mobbing ved skoler og andre større enheter, og til å klassifisere barn og unge i fire grupper som beskriver deres selvopplevde rolle eller posisjon i mobbesituasjoner. Det er ikke gjennomført egne normstudier, men det foreligger resultater fra store utvalg for deler av spørreskjemaet som kan anvendes som sammenligningsgrunnlag for skoler og til forskningsformål.
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