The use of four North Saami adpositions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7557/sda.8330Keywords:
North Saami, grammar, language typology, dialects, adpositionsAbstract
We present a study of four North Saami adpositions that can be used as both postpositions and prepositions and thus be termed “ambipositions”: miehtá ‘over, throughout’, čađa ‘through’, rastá ‘across, over’, maŋŋel ‘after’. While many languages have ambipositions, in most languages they are very marginal. However, Finnish, Estonian and North Saami have an exceptionally large number of ambipositions, many with high frequency. We advance three hypotheses concerning 1) dialectal differences in use of ambipositions in North Saami, 2) differences between their use as prepositions and postpositions, and 3) a possible typological correlation between the frequency of ambipositions and the extent to which position is used to differentiate meaning, with North Saami at the high end of this scale. Our study examines two databases representing the use of ambipositions in newspapers and in literature. We use the radial category profiling method to investigate similarities and differences in the distribution of meanings across prepositional and postpositional use of four adpositions. We find support for all three hypotheses. The results of this research shed light on the use of North Saami adpositions in terms of their dialectal distribution and meaning. In addition, we gain a typological perspective on North Saami adpositions.
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