Las categorías de género y número en el Trastorno de Desarrollo del Lenguaje

Marisol de los Ríos; María Elina Sánchez; Lucía Brandani

doi:10.7557/1.14.3.8227

Authors

Marisol de los Ríos Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8176-9553
María Elina Sánchez Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6159-8366
Lucía Brandani Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, Universidad de Buenos Aires https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9207-7846

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7557/1.14.3.8227

Keywords:

género, número, concordancia nominal, Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje

Abstract

El Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje (TDL) se caracteriza por déficits significativos en la morfosintaxis que afectan la producción y comprensión del lenguaje. Entre las áreas vulnerables en lenguas romances se encuentran el género, el número y las relaciones de concordancia. Sin embargo, en español la investigación es aún escasa y ofrece evidencia contradictoria. Este estudio tuvo como objetivos examinar la producción de estos rasgos en niños con TDL mediante una tarea de elicitación, contribuir al debate sobre el estatuto gramatical del género —sintáctico o morfológico— y brindar evidencia para la caracterización del TDL en español. Participaron 24 niños hispanohablantes: 13 con diagnóstico de TDL (M=6.8 años) y 11 con desarrollo típico (DT) (M=5.8). Los participantes realizaron una tarea de producción inducida de sintagmas nominales, complementada con pruebas de memoria fonológica y de trabajo. Los resultados mostraron un rendimiento significativamente más bajo en el grupo TDL en comparación con el grupo DT. Se observó un patrón de dificultad creciente (masculino singular > femenino singular > masculino plural > femenino plural), con mayores errores en formas plurales. El error más frecuente fue la sustitución del rasgo de número, lo que sugiere limitaciones en el cómputo de concordancia. Además, el grupo TDL presentó un desempeño deficitario en memoria fonológica. En conjunto, los hallazgos indican que el TDL en español implica un déficit en la concordancia nominal, especialmente en la categoría de número, mientras que el género se muestra relativamente preservado. Estos resultados sugieren un procesamiento independiente de ambas categorías y respaldan la caracterización del TDL como un trastorno complejo y multifactorial.

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