Nordisk-nordtysk kontakt i backspegeln

på väg mot en variationssensitiv modell av grammatisk arealitet

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7557/12.7087

Keywords:

språkkontakt, dialektkontakt, arealitet, nordiska språk, tyska, digital humaniora

Abstract

Dialectological research has traditionally focused on individual languages. Cross-linguistic areal linguistics, on the other hand, has rarely taken into account intra-language variation. The PROJEKT project combines a dialectological, areal typological and contact linguistic perspective. It aims to identify and map grammatical features shared by both Nordic and North German varieties (both standard languages and non-standard language varieties such as dialects and regiolects) and to identify recurring areal patterns reflecting characteristic historical language contact scenarios. The project is based on a concept of areality that includes not only the geographical, but also the social and situational dimensions. Its empirical basis consists of existing grammatical dialect descriptions and other documentary resources. The article presents the theoretical and technical background of the project and discusses an example of the type of analysis it enables.

References

Auer, Peter. 2004. Non-standard evidence in syntactic typology. Methodological remarks on the use of dialect data vs spoken language data. I Bernd Kortmann (red.), Dialectology meets typology. Dialect grammar from a cross-linguistic perspective, 69–92. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197327.69 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197327.69

Auwera, Johan van der & Daniël Van Olmen. 2017. The Germanic Languages and areal linguistics. I Raymond Hickey (red.), The Cambridge handbook of areal linguistics, 239–269. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107279872.010 https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107279872.010

Berg, Kristian, Steffen Höder & Robert Langhanke. 2012. Perspektiven einer modernen niederdeutschen Syntaxforschung. Ergebnisse und Desiderate. Germanistische Linguistik 220, 265–282.

Bisang, Walter. 2004. Dialectology and typology. An integrative perspective. I Bernd Kortmann (red.), Dialectology meets typology. Dialect grammar from a cross-linguistic perspective, 11–45. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197327.11 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197327.11

Bjerrum, Marie & Anders Bjerrum (red.). 1974. Ordbog over Fjoldemålet. København: Akademisk Forlag.

Bock, Karl Nielsen. 1933. Niederdeutsch auf dänischem Substrat. Studien zur Dialektgeographie Südostschleswigs. København: Levin & Munksgaard.

Bock, Karl N[ielsen]. 1948. Mittelniederdeutsch und heutiges Plattdeutsch im ehemaligen dänischen Herzogtum Schleswig. Studien zur Beleuchtung des Sprachwechsels in Angeln und Mittelschleswig. København: Munksgaard.

Braunmüller, Kurt. 1998. Sprogkontakt i Hansetiden – en sammenfattende oversigt over Hamborg-projektet. I Ernst Håkon Jahr (red.), Språkkontakt i Norden i middelalderen, særlig i Hansatiden. Forskningsprogrammet Norden og Europa, 17–31. København: Nordisk Ministerråd.

Braunmüller, Kurt. 2002. Language contact during the Old Nordic period I: with the British Isles, Frisia and the Hanseatic League. I Oskar Bandle m.fl. (red.), The Nordic languages. An international handbook of the history of the North Germanic languages, vol. 1, 1028–1039. Berlin: de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197051-114 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197051-114

Braunmüller, Kurt. 2004. Niederdeutsch und Hochdeutsch im Kontakt mit den skandinavischen Sprachen. I Horst Haider Munske (red.), Deutsch im Kontakt mit germanischen Sprachen, 1–30. Tübingen: Niemeyer. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110911954.1 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110911954.1

Braunmüller, Kurt. 2007. Receptive multilingualism in Northern Europe in the Middle Ages. A description of a scenario. I Jan D. ten Thije & Ludger Zeevaert (red.), Receptive multilingualism. Linguistic analyses, language policies and didactic concepts, 25–47. Amsterdam: Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/hsm.6.04bra https://doi.org/10.1075/hsm.6.04bra

Campbell, Lyle. 2017. Why is it so hard to define a linguistic area. I Raymond Hickey (red.), The Cambridge handbook of areal linguistics, 19–39. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107279872.003 https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107279872.003

Cysouw, Michael. 2011. Quantitative explorations of the worldwide distribution of rare characteristics, or: the exceptionality of northwestern European languages. I Horst J. Simon & Heike Wiese (red.), Expecting the unexpected: Exceptions in grammar, 411–432. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110219098.411 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110219098.411

Cysouw, Michael & Jeff Good. 2013. Languoid, doculect and glossonym: Formalizing the notion ‘language’. Language Documentation & Conservation 7, 331–359. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4606

Dahl, Östen. 2000. The grammar of future time reference in European languages. I Östen Dahl (red.), Tense and aspect in the languages of Europe, 309–328. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197099.2.309 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197099.2.309

Dahl, Östen. 2001. Principles of areal typology. I Martin Haspelmath m.fl. (red.), Language typology and language universals. An international handbook, vol. 2, 1456–1470. Berlin: de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110194265-042 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110194265-042

Delsing, Lars-Olof. 2003. Perifrastisk genitiv. I Øystein A. Vangsnes, Anders Holmberg & Lars-Olof Delsing (red.), Dialektsyntaktiska studier av den nordiska nominalfrasen, 65–83. Oslo: Novus.

Elmentaler, Michael & Peter Rosenberg (red.). 2015–2022. Norddeutscher Sprachatlas. Hildesheim: Olms.

Elmevik, Lennart & Ernst Håkon Jahr. 2012. Twenty-five years of research on the contact between Low German and Scandinavian. I Lennart Elmevik & Ernst Håkon Jahr (red.), Contact between Low German and Scandinavian in the Late Middle Ages – 25 years of research (Acta Academiae Regiae Gustavi Adolphi 121), 9–16. Uppsala: Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur.

Fredsted, Elin. 2009a. Sprachen und Kulturen in Kontakt – deutsche und dänische Minderheiten in Sønderjylland/Schleswig. I Christel Stolz (red.), Neben Deutsch. Die autochthonen Minderheiten- und Regionalsprachen Deutschlands, 1–23. Bochum: Brockmeyer.

Fredsted, Elin. 2009b. Wenn Sprachen sich begegnen – Deutsch in dänischen Sprachvarietäten. I Christel Stolz (red.), Unsere sprachlichen Nachbarn in Europa. Die Kontaktbeziehungen zwischen Deutsch und seinen Grenznachbarn, 1–18. Bochum: Brockmeyer.

Goll, Sabrina, Steffen Höder & Nina Sternitzke. Under utgivning a. The GrammArNord manual. Kiel: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel.

Goll, Sabrina, Steffen Höder & Nina Sternitzke. Under utgivning b. The LingArBase manual. Kiel: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel.

Gunleifsen, Elin. 2011. Attributive uttrykk for prototypisk possessivitet. En komparativ studie av talespråklig variasjon og endring i Kristiansand og Arendal. Oslo: Novus.

Hammarström, Harald m.fl. 2022. Glottolog 4.7. Leipzig Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7398962

Harbert, Wayne. 2007. The Germanic languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511755071 https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511755071

Haspelmath, Martin. 2001. The European linguistic area: Standard Average European. I Martin Haspelmath m.fl. (red.), Language typology and language universals. An international handbook, vol. 2, 1492–1510. Berlin: de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110194265-044 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110194265-044

Heine, Bernd & Tania Kuteva. 2006. The changing languages of Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297337.001.0001 https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297337.001.0001

Höder, Steffen. 2012. Der is wieder bei und malt Karten. Niederdeutsche Syntax aus nordeuropäischer Sicht. Germanistische Linguistik 220, 181–201.

Höder, Steffen. 2016. Niederdeutsch und Nordeuropa: Eine Annäherung an grammatische Arealität im Norden Europas. Niederdeutsches Jahrbuch 139, 103–129.

Höder, Steffen. 2019. Die deutsch-dänische Grenze von 1920 als Zäsur. I Nicole Palliwoda, Verena Sauer & Stephanie Sauermilch (red.), Politische Grenzen – Sprachliche Grenzen? Dialektgeographische und wahrnehmungsdialektologische Perspektiven im deutschsprachigen Raum, 55–76. Berlin: de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110571110-004 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110571110-004

Höder, Steffen. 2021. Grammatical arealisms across the Danish-German border from a constructional perspective. I Christian Zimmer (red.), German(ic) in language contact. Grammatical and sociolinguistic dynamics, 11–42. Berlin: Language Science Press. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4954475

Höder, Steffen. 2022. Nyt lys på gamle data: Georg Wenkers sønderjyske spørgeskemaer som kontaktlingvistisk ressource. Målbryting 13, 29–51. https://doi.org/10.7557/17.6681 https://doi.org/10.7557/17.6681

Holmberg, Anders & Görel Sandström. 1996. Scandinavian possessive constructions from a Northern Swedish viewpoint. I James R. Black & Virginia Motapanyane (red.), Microparametric syntax and dialect variation, 95–120. Amsterdam: Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.139.06hol https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.139.06hol

Julien, Marit. 2005. Nominal phrases from a Scandinavian perspective. Amsterdam: Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/la.87 https://doi.org/10.1075/la.87

Jul Nielsen, Bent. 1986. Om pronominet sin i jysk. Danske folkemål 28, 41–101.

Jul Nielsen, Bent & Magda Nyberg (red.). 1995. Ordbog over den danske dialekt i Angel. Med en indledning om dialektens udtrykssystem. København: Reitzel.

Jysk Ordbog = Skautrup, Peter m.fl. (red.). 1970−. Jysk Ordbog. http://www.jyskordbog.dk

Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria. 2003. Possessive noun phrases in the languages of Europe. I Frans Plank (red.), Noun phrase structure in the languages of Europe, 621–722. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. http://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197075.4.621 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197075.4.621

Kortmann, Bernd. 2009. Die Rolle von (Nicht-Standard-)Varietäten in der europäischen (Areal-)Typologie. I Uwe Hinrichs, Norbert Reiter & Siegfried Tornow (red.), Eurolinguistik. Entwicklungen und Perspektiven. Akten der internationalen Tagung vom 30. 9.–2. 10. 2007 in Leipzig, 165–187. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria & Bernhard Wälchli. 2001. The Circum-Baltic languages. An areal-typological approach. I Östen Dahl & Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm (red.), The Circum-Baltic languages. Typology and contact, vol. 2: Grammar and typology, 615–750. Amsterdam: Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.55.15kop https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.55.15kop

Kühl, Karoline & Kurt Braunmüller. 2014. Linguistic stability and divergence: An extended perspective on language contact. I Kurt Braunmüller, Steffen Höder & Karoline Kühl (red.), Stability and divergence in language contact. Factors and mechanisms, 13–38. Amsterdam: Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/silv.16.02kuh https://doi.org/10.1075/silv.16.02kuh

Kuteva, Tania m.fl. 2019. World lexicon of grammaticalization, 2:a uppl. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316479704 https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316479704

Langer, Nils. 2003. Low German. I Ana Deumert & Wim Vandenbussche (red.), Germanic standardizations. Past to present, 281–301. Amsterdam: Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.18.11lan https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.18.11lan

Lenz, Alexandra N. 2018. Syntaktische Variation aus areallinguistischer Perspektive. I Angelika Wöllstein m.fl. (red.), Grammatiktheorie und Empirie in der germanistischen Linguistik, 241–278. Berlin: de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110490992-009 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110490992-009

Matras, Yaron. 2020. Language contact, 2:a uppl. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108333955 https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108333955

Murelli, Adriano & Bernd Kortmann. 2011. Non-standard varieties in the areal typology of Europe. I Bernd Kortmann & Johan van der Auwera (red.), The languages and linguistics of Europe. A comprehensive guide, 525–544. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110220261.525 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110220261.525

NALS = The Nordic Atlas of Language Structures Journal. http://tekstlab.uio.no/nals

Nesse, Agnete. 2002. Språkkontakt mellom norsk og tysk i hansatidens Bergen. Oslo: Novus.

Rambø, Gro-Renée. 2010. Historiske og sosiale betingelser for språkkontakt mellom nedertysk og skandinavisk i seinmiddelalderen. Et bidrag til historisk språksosiologi. Oslo: Novus.

Rambø, Gro-Renée. 2012. Language contact, communication and change. I Lennart Elmevik & Ernst Håkon Jahr (red.), Contact between Low German and Scandinavian in the Late Middle Ages – 25 years of research, 39–55. Uppsala: Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur.

Schiller, Karl & August Lübben (red.). 1875–1881. Mittelniederdeutsches Wörterbuch. Bremen: Kühtmann.

Seiler, Guido. 2019. Non-Standard Average European. I Andreas Nievergelt & Ludwig Rübekeil (red.), athe in palice, athe in anderu sumeuuelicheru stedi. Raum und Sprache. Festschrift für Elvira Glaser zum 65. Geburtstag, 541–554. Heidelberg: Winter.

Skjekkeland, Martin. 1997. Dei norske dialektane. Tradisjonelle særdrag i jamføring med skriftmåla. Kristiansand: Høyskoleforlaget.

Stolz, Thomas. 2006. Europe as a linguistic area. I Keith Brown (red.), Encyclopedia of language & linguistics, 2:a uppl., vol. 4, 279–295. Amsterdam: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00216-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00216-9

Stolz, Thomas. 2010. Sprachbund Europa – Probleme und Möglichkeiten. I Uwe Hinrichs (red.), Handbuch der Eurolinguistik, 397–424. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

Torp, Arne. 1992. Der sogenannte ‚Garpegenitiv‘ – Ursprung, Alter und Verbreitung im heutigen Norwegisch. I Lennart Elmevik & Kurt E. Schöndorf (red.), Niederdeutsch im Skandinavien III. Akten des 3. Nordischen Symposions „Niederdeutsch in Skandinavien“ in Sigtuna, 17.–20. August 1989, 151–166. Berlin: Schmidt.

WALS = Dryer, Matthew S. & Martin Haspelmath (red.). 2013. WALS online. https://wals.info

Weinreich, Uriel, William Labov & Marvin I. Herzog. 1968. Empirical foundations for a theory of language change. I W. P. Lehmann & Yakov Malkiel (red.), Directions for historical linguistics. A symposium, 95–195. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Wikberg, Dagmar. 2004. Rånemålet i Böle. RanmaLe opa BöLe. Råneå: Böle hembygdsförening.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-21