Måleegenskaper ved de norske versjonene av Ravens matriser (Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM)/Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM))
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21337/0055Emneord (Nøkkelord):
Kognitive evner, Barn i skolealderSammendrag
Beskrivelse: Ravens matriser består av flere varianter der Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) (5– 11 år) og Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) (8–65 år) kan anvendes for barn og unge. Testen ble utviklet av John C. Raven, og SPM ble først publisert i 1938, mens CPM-versjonen ble publisert i 1998. Testen er ment å måle non-verbal intelligens eller evne til abstrakt resonnering ved at barnet skal finne systemet bak hvordan ulike geometriske figurer er satt opp. Begge versjonene av Raven har oppgaver med økende vanskelighetsgrad organisert i ulike sett. Testen skåres ved at antallet riktige svar summeres opp til en totalskår. Dette kan konverteres til prosentiler basert på normtabellene i manualene. Testen administreres vanligvis uten tidsbegrensning for barn og unge, og det stilles krav om at de som skal anvende testen er sertifisert for å anvende evnetester eller er psykologer. Pearson Assessment har rettighetene til salg og distribusjon av testen i Skandinavia og internasjonalt (pearsonassessment.no).
Litteratursøk: Til sammen ble 15 norske og 24 svenske/danske artikler inkludert i oppsummeringen. Ingen av disse var rene psykometriske studier, men stort sett studier der Raven ble brukt for å måle intelligens enten som utkommevariabel, kontrollvariabel eller for å beskrive gruppen. Litt under halvparten av studiene var basert på kliniske grupper (for eksempel autisme, epilepsi eller døve), men de øvrige studiene var basert på skolebarn fra 5–16 (SPM) og 5–7 (CPM) år.
Psykometri: Ingen av studiene hadde gjennomført adekvate studier av testens reliabilitet og det er heller ikke gjennomført normstudier basert på norske eller svensk/danske utvalg. Resultatene fra studiene støtter begrepsvaliditeten til testen som et godt mål på abstrakt resonneringsevne ved generelt høye korrelasjoner med andre kognitive tester.
Konklusjon: Det er god dokumentasjon på testens begrepsvaliditet, men det mangler studier av testens reliabilitet basert på norske eller svenske/danske utvalg. Det er heller ikke normstudier fra Skandinavia, noe som er problematisk ved klinisk bruk av testen.
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Opphavsrett 2017 Fredrik Helland-Riise og Monica Martinussen
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