Estimates of the Abundance of Cetaceans in the Central North Atlantic based on the NASS Icelandic and Faroese Shipboard Surveys Conducted in 2015
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7557/3.4941Keywords:
NASS, North Atlantic, cetaceans, abundance, surveys, Balaenoptera, physalus, musculus, borealis, acutorostrata, Megaptera, Physeter, Globicephala, Hyperoodon, LagenorhynchusAbstract
The North Atlantic Sightings Survey (NASS), the sixth in a series of surveys conducted between 1987 and 2015, was conducted in June/July 2015 and covered a large area of the northern North Atlantic. The Icelandic and Faroese ship survey component of the NASS covered the area between the Faroe Islands and East Greenland from latitude 52° to 72° N. The survey used 3 vessels and an independent double-platform configuration with each platform staffed by a minimum of 2 observers. Here we present both uncorrected abundance estimates derived using Multiple Covariates Distance Sampling, and corrected abundance estimates derived using Mark-Recapture Distance Sampling, for the following species: fin (Balaenoptera physalus), common minke (B. acutorstrata), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), blue (B. musculus), sei (B. borealis), sperm (Physeter macrocephalus), long-finned pilot (Globicephala melas) and northern bottlenose (Hyperoodon ampullatus) whales as well as white-beaked (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) and white-sided (L. acutus) dolphins. We then compare these estimates to those from previous NASS and put them into context with estimates from adjoining areas of the North Atlantic.
References
Adams, J. E. (1971). Historical geography of whaling in Bequia Island, West Indies. Caribbean Studies, 11, 55-74.
Barlow, J., & Taylor, B. L. (2005). Estimates of sperm whale abundance in the Northeastern Temperate Pacific from a combined acoustic and visual survey. Marine Mammal Science, 21(3), 429-445. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01242.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01242.x
Benjaminsen, T., & Christensen, I. (1979). The natural history of the bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus (Forster). In H. E. Winn & B. L. Olla (Eds.), Behavior of Marine Animals: Current Perspectives in Research (pp. 143-164). Boston, MA: Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2985-5_5 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2985-5_5
Bloch, D., Desportes, G., Zachariassen, M., & Christensen, I. (2009). The northern bottlenose whale in the Faroe Islands, 1584‐1993. Journal of Zoology, 239, 123-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05441.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05441.x
Borchers, D., & Burt, M. (1997). Sei and fin whale abundance in the North Atlantic, estimated from NASS-95 shipboard survey data. SC/5/AE/1 for the NAMMCO Scientific Committee.
Borchers, D. L., Burt, M. L., & Desportes, G. (1996). Preliminary estimates of abundance of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) from the Faroese component of the NASS-95 survey. Working Paper WP-9 for the ICES Study Group on Long-Finned Pilot Whales, 22-26 April, 1996.
Borchers, D. L., Pike, D. G., Gunnlaugsson, T., & Víkingsson, G. A. (2009). Minke whale abundance estimation from the NASS 1987 and 2001 aerial cue-counting surveys taking appropriate account of distance estimation errors. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 7, 95-110. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2708 https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2708
Buckland, S. T., Anderson, D., Burnham, K., Laake, J., Borchers, D., & Thomas, L. (2001). Introduction to distance sampling estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Buckland, S. T., Bloch, D., Cattanach, K. L., Gunnlaugsson, T., Hoydal, K., Lens, S., & Sigurjonsson, J. (1993). Distribution and abundance of long-finned pilot whales in the North Atlantic, estimated from NASS-87 and NASS-89 data. Report of the International Whaling Commission (Special Issue), 14, 33-49.
Buckland, S. T., Cattanach, K. L., & Lens, S. (1992). Fin whale abundance in the eastern North Atlantic, estimated from Spanish NASS-89 data. Report of the International Whaling Commission, 42, 457-460.
Buckland, S. T., & Turnock, B. J. (1992). A robust line transect method. Biometrics, 48(3), 901-909. https://doi.org/10.2307/2532356 https://doi.org/10.2307/2532356
Burt, M. L., Borchers, D. L., Jenkins, K. J., & Marques, T. A. (2014). Using mark-recapture distance sampling methods on line transect surveys. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 5(11), 1180-1191. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12294 https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12294
Canadas, A., Desportes, G., & Borchers, D. L. (2004). The estimation of the detection function and g(0) for short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinis delphis), using double-platform data collected during the NASS-95 Faroese survey. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 6(2), 191-198. https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v6i2.782
Cattanach, K. L., Sigurjónsson, J., Buckland, S. T., & Gunnlaugsson, T. (1993). Sei whale abundance in the North Atlantic, estimated from NASS-87 and NASS-89 data. Report of the International Whaling Commission, 43, 315-321.
Christensen, I., Haug, T., & Øien, N. (1992). Seasonal distribution, exploitation and present abundance of stocks of large baleen whales (Mysticeti) and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in Norwegian and adjacent waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 49, 341-355. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/49.3.341 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/49.3.341
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. (2011). COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus Davis Strait-Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea population, Scotian Shelf population, in Canada. Ottawa: Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Retrieved from http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/301/weekly_checklist/2012/internet/w12-04-U-E.html/collections/collection_2012/ec/CW69-14-77-2011-eng.pdf
Donovan, G. P. (1991). A review of IWC stock boundaries. Report of the International Whaling Commission (Special Issue), 13, 39-68.
Greenland. (2012). White paper on the management and utilization of large whales in Greenland. International Whaling Commission document IWC/64/ASW/X. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2zjiKG0
Gunnlaugsson, T., & Sigurjónsson, J. (1990). NASS-87: Estimation of whale abundance based on observations made onboard Icelandic and Faroese survey vessels. Report of the International Whaling Commission, 40, 571-580.
Gunnlaugsson, T., Víkingsson, G. A., & Pike, D. G. (2009). Combined line-transect and cue-count estimate of sperm whale abundance in the North Atlantic, from Icelandic NASS-2001 shipboard survey. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 7, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2706 https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2706
Hammond, P., Macleod, K., Gillespie, D., Swift, R., Winship, A., Burt, M., … Castro, R. (2009). Cetacean Offshore Distribution and Abundance in the European Atlantic (CODA). Available at http://biology.st-andrews.ac.uk/coda/documents/CODA_Final_Report_11-2-09.pdf
Hammond, P. S., Lacey, C., Gilles, A., Viquerat, S., Boerjesson, P., Herr, H., … Scheidat, M. (2017). Estimates of cetacean abundance in European Atlantic waters in summer 2016 from the SCANS-III aerial and shipboard surveys. Wageningen Marine Research. Available at https://synergy.st-andrews.ac.uk/scans3/files/2017/04/SCANS-III-design-based-estimates-2017-04-28-final.pdf
Hammond, P. S., Macleod, K., Berggren, P., Borchers, D. L., Burt, M. L., Cañadas, A., … Vázquez, J. A. (2013). Cetacean abundance and distribution in European Atlantic shelf waters to inform conservation and management. Biological Conservation, 164, 107-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.04.010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.04.010
Hansen, R. G., Boye, T. K., Larsen, R. S., Nielsen, N. H., Tervo, O., Nielsen, R. D., … Heide-Jørgensen, M. P. (2018). Abundance of whales in West and East Greenland in summer 2015. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 11. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.4689 https://doi.org/10.7557/3.4689
Hansen, R. G., & Heide-Jørgensen, M. P. (2013). Spatial trends in abundance of long-finned pilot whales, white-beaked dolphins and harbour porpoises in West Greenland. Marine Biology, 160, 2929-2941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2283-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2283-8
Heide-Jørgensen, M. P., Bloch, D., Stefansson, E., Mikkelsen, B., Ofstad, L., Dietz, R., … H & Dietz, L. (2002). Diving behaviour of long-finned pilot whales Globicephala melas around the Faroe Islands. Wildlife Biology, 8, 307-313. https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.2002.020 https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.2002.020
Hooker, S. K., & Baird, R. W. (1999). Deep-diving behaviour of the northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus (Cetacea: Ziphiidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 266(1420), 671-676. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1999.0688
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1999.0688
Hooker, S. K., Iverson, S. J., Ostrom, P., & Smith, S. C. (2001). Diet of northern bottlenose whales inferred from fatty-acid and stable-isotope analyses of biopsy samples. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79(8), 1442-1454. https://doi.org/10.1139/z01-096 https://doi.org/10.1139/z01-096
Ingebrigtsen, A. (1929). Whales caught in the North Atlantic and other seas. Rapports et Proces-verbaux des Réunions. Conseil International pour l'Éxploration de la Mer, 56, 1-26.
Innes, S., Heide-Jørgensen, M. P., Laake, J. L., Laidre, K. L., Cleator, H. J., Richard, P., & Stewart, R. E. (2002). Surveys of belugas and narwhals in the Canadian High Arctic in 1996. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 4, 169-190. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2843 https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2843
IWC. (2015). Report of the Scientific Committee. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 14 (suppl.). Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2zje3vS
Jaquet, N., Dawson, S., & Slooten, E. (2000). Seasonal distribution and diving behaviour of male sperm whales off Kaikoura: foraging implications. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78(3), 407-419. https://doi.org/10.1139/z99-208 https://doi.org/10.1139/z99-208
Laake, J. L., & Borchers, D. L. (2004). Methods for incomplete detection at distance zero. In 'Advanced Distance Sampling'. (Eds ST Buckland, DR Anderson, KP Burnham, JL Laake, DL Borchers and L. Thomas.) pp. 108-189. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Lawson, J. W., & Gosselin, J. F. (2018). Estimates of cetacean abundance from the 2016 NAISS aerial surveys of eastern Canadian waters, with a comparison to estimates from the 2007 TNASS. SC/25/AE/09 for the NAMMCO Scientific Committee.
Leonard, D. and Øien, N. (2019a) Estimates of abundance of large whales from Norwegian ship surveys and a NASS extension survey conducted in 2015. SC/26/AE/12 for the NAMMCO Scientific Committee.
Leonard, D. and Øien, N. (2019b). Estimated abundance of cetacean species in Norwegian and adjacent waters based on ship surveys conducted in 2002-2007 SC/26/AE/09 for the NAMMCO Scientific Committee.
Leonard, D. and Øien, N. (2019c). Estimated abundance of cetacean species in Norwegian and adjacent waters based on ship surveys conducted in 2008-2013. SC/26/AE/10 for the NAMMCO Scientific Committee.
Leonard, D. and Øien, N. (2019d). Estimated abundance of cetacean species in Norwegian and adjacent waters based on ship surveys conducted in 2014-2018. SC/26/AE/11 for the NAMMCO Scientific Committee. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.4694
Magnusdottir, E., Rasmussen, M., Lammers, M., & Svavarsson, J. (2014). Humpback whale songs during winter in subarctic waters. Polar Biology, 37, 427-433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1448-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1448-3
NAMMCO. (1995). Report of the Third Meeting of the Scientific Committee. NAMMCO Annual Report 1995, 71-126.
Olsen, E., Budgell, W. P., Head, E., Kleivane, L., Nøttestad, L., Prieto, R., … Øien, N. (2009). First satellite-tracked long-distance movement of a sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) in the North Atlantic. Aquatic Mammals, 35(3), 313-318. https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.35.3.2009.313 https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.35.3.2009.313
Palka, D. l., & Hammond, P. S. (2001). Accounting for responsive movement in the transect estimates of abundance. Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 58(4), 777. https://doi.org/10.1139/f01-024 https://doi.org/10.1139/f01-024
Papastavrou, V., Smith, S. C., & Whitehead, H. (1989). Diving behaviour of the sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus, off the Galapagos Islands. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(4), 839-846. https://doi.org/10.1139/z89-124 https://doi.org/10.1139/z89-124
Paxton, C. G. M., Burt, M. L., Hedley, S. L., Vikingsson, G. A., Gunnlaugsson, T., & Desportes, G. (2009). Density surface fitting to estimate the abundance of humpback whales based on the NASS-95 and NASS-2001 aerial and shipboard surveys. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 7, 143-159. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2711 https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2711
Pike, D. G. (2009). North Atlantic Sightings Surveys. Introduction. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 7, 7-18. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2702 https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2702
Pike, D. G., Gunnlaugsson, T., Desportes, G., Mikkelsen, B., Vikingsson, G. A., & Bloch, D. (2019a). Estimates of the relative abundance and trend of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) in the Northeast Atlantic from 1987 to 2015. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 11. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.11 https://doi.org/10.7557/3.4643
Pike, D. G., Gunnlaugsson, T., Mikkelsen, B., & Vikingsson, G. A. (2019b). Estimates of the abundance of cetaceans from the T-NASS Icelandic and Faroese ship surveys conducted in 2007. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 11. (in review) https://doi.org/10.7557/3.5269
Pike, D. G., Gunnlaugsson, T., Øien, N., Desportes, G., Víkingsson, G. A., Paxton, C. G. M., & Bloch, D. (2005). Distribution, abundance and trends in abundance of fin and humpback whales in the North Atlantic. ICES CM 2005/R:12, R:12.
Pike, D. G., Gunnlaugsson, T., & Víkingsson, G. A. (2006). An estimate of g(0) for the NASS-2001 survey for fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in Icelandic and Faroese waters. SC/14/FW/19 for the NAMMCO Scientific Committee.
Pike, D. G., Gunnlaugsson, T., Vikingsson, G. A. & Sigurjónsson (2019c). Distribution and abundance of cetaceans in Icelandic waters over 30 years of aerial surveys. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 11. (in review). https://doi.org/10.7557/3.4805
Pike, D. G., Gunnlaugsson, T., Víkingsson, G. A., & Bloch, D. (2009a). Estimates of the abundance of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) from Faroese and Icelandic NASS shipboard surveys. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 7, 81-93. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2707 https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2707
Pike, D. G., Gunnlaugsson, T., Víkingsson, G. A., Desportes, G., & Mikkelsen, B. (2003a). An estimate of the abundance of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) from the NASS-2001 shipboard survey. SC/11/AE/10 for the NAMMCO Scientific Committee.
Pike, D. G., Gunnlaugsson, T., Víkingsson, G. A., Desportes, G., & Mikkelsen, B. (2003b). Surface abundance of northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampulatus) from NASS-1995 and 2001 shipboard surveys. SC/11/AE/11 for the NAMMCO Scientific Committee.
Pike, D. G., Gunnlaugsson, T., Víkingsson, G. A., & Mikkelsen, B. (2011). Estimates of the abundance of sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) from the NASS Icelandic and Faroese ship surveys conducted in 2001 and 2007. SC/18/AESP/7 for the NAMMCO Scientific Committee.
Pike, D. G., Paxton, C. G., Gunnlaugsson, T., & Víkingsson, G. A. (2009b). Trends in the distribution and abundance of cetaceans from aerial surveys in Icelandic coastal waters, 1986-2001. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 7, 117-142. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2710 https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2710
Pike, D. G., Víkingsson, G. A., Gunnlaugsson, T., & Øien, N. (2009c). A note on the distribution and abundance of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) in the Central and Northeast North Atlantic. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 7, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2703 https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2703
Prieto, R., Janiger, D., Silva, M. A., Waring, G. T., & Gonçalves, J. M. (2012). The forgotten whale: a bibliometric analysis and literature review of the North Atlantic sei whale Balaenoptera borealis: North Atlantic sei whale review. Mammal Review, 42(3), 235-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00195.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00195.x
Punt, A. E., Friday, N. A., & Smith, T. D. (2006). Reconciling data on the trends and abundance of North Atlantic humpback whales within a population modelling framework. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 8, 145-158. https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v8i2.711
Reeves, R. R., Mitchell, E., & Whitehead, H. (1993). Status of the northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa, 16pp.
Roberts, J., Best, B., Mannocci, L., Fujioka, E., Halpin, P., L Palka, D., … G Lockhart, G. (2016). Habitat-based cetacean density models for the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Scientific Reports, 6, 22615. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22615 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22615
Rogan, E., Cañadas, A., Macleod, K., Santos, M. B., Mikkelsen, B., Uriarte, A., … Hammond, P. S. (2017). Distribution, abundance and habitat use of deep diving cetaceans in the North-East Atlantic. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 141, 8-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.03.015 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.03.015
Sanpera, C., & Jover, L. (1989). Density estimate of fin whales in the North Atlantic from NASS-87 Spanish cruise data. Report of the International Whaling Commission, 39, 427-429.
Santos, M., Pierce, G., Smeenk, C., Addink, M., Kinze, C., Tougaard, S., & Herman, J. (2001). Stomach contents of northern bottlenose whales Hyperoodon ampullatus stranded in the North Sea. Journal of The Marine Biological Association of The United Kingdom - J MAR BIOL ASSN UK, 81. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315401003484 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315401003484
Schweder, T. (1999). Line-transecting with difficulties: lessons from surveying minke whales. In J. L. Laake, D. G. Robertson, & S. C. Amstrup (Eds.), Marine Mammal Survey and Assessment Methods (pp. 149-166). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003211167-15
Schweder, T., Skaug, H. J., Dimakos, X. K., Langaas, M., & Øien, N. (1997). Abundance of northeastern Atlantic minke whales, estimates for 1989 and 1995. Report of the International Whaling Commission, 47, 453-484.
Sigurjónsson, J. (1995). On the life history and autecology of North Atlantic rorquals. In Blix, A.S, Walløe, L., & Ulltang, Ø. (Eds.), Whales, seals, fish and man. Elsevier Science B.V, 425-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-6995(06)80044-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-6995(06)80044-2
Sigurjónsson, J., Gunnlaugsson, T., Ensor, P., Newcomer, M., & Víkingsson, G. A. (1991). North Atlantic Sightings Survey 1989 (NASS-89): Shipboard surveys in Icelandic and adjacent waters July-August 1989. Report of the International Whaling Commission, 41, 559-572.
Sigurjónsson, J., Gunnlaugsson, T., & Payne, M. (1989). NASS-87: Shipboard sightings surveys in Icelandic and adjacent waters Jun-July 1987. Report of the International Whaling Commission, 39, 395-409.
Sigurjónsson, J., Gunnlaugsson, Víkingsson, G., & Gudmundsson, H. (1996). North Atlantic sightings survey 1995 (NASS). Aerial survey in coastal Icelandic waters July 1995. SC/4/17 for the NAMMCO Scientific Committee.
Sigurjónsson, J., & Víkingsson, G. A. (1997). Seasonal abundance of and estimated food consumption by cetaceans in Icelandic and adjacent waters. Journal of Northwest Atl. Fisheries Science, 22, 271-287. https://doi.org/10.2960/J.v22.a20 https://doi.org/10.2960/J.v22.a20
Sigurjónsson, J., Víkingsson, G. A., Gunnlaugsson, T., & Halldórsson, S. D. (1996). North Atlantic Sightings Survey 1995 (NASS-95): Shipboard surveys in Icelandic and adjacent waters June-July 1995. SC/4/17 for the NAMMCO Scientific Committee.
Skaug, H. J., Øien, N., Schweder, T., & Bøthun, G. (2004). Abundance of minke whales in the Northeast Atlantic: variability in time and space. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 61, 870-886. https://doi.org/10.1139/f04-020 https://doi.org/10.1139/f04-020
Skov, H., Gunnlaugsson, T., Budgell, W. P., Horne, J., Nøttestad, L., Olsen, E., … Waring, G. (2008). Small-scale spatial variability of sperm and sei whales in relation to oceanographic and topographic features along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 55(1-2), 254-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.09.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.09.020
Smith, T. D., & Reeves, R. R. (2011). Historical catches of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, in the North Atlantic Ocean: Estimates of landings and removals. Marine Fisheries Review, 73, 1-43.
Solvang, H. K., & Øien, N. (2017). Updates 2014-2016: Preliminary abundance estimates of common minke whales in Svalbard 2014, the Norwegian Sea and Jan Mayen 2015, and the Jan Mayen area 2016, with distributional maps for minke, fin, humpback and sperm whales. SC/23/AE/09 for the NAMMCO SC.
Thomas, L., Buckland, S. T., Rexstad, E. A., Laake, J. L., Strindberg, S., Hedley, S. L., … Burnham, K. P. (2010). Distance software: design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47(1), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01737.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01737.x
Víkingsson, G. A. (2004). Langreyður. In Páll Hersteinsson (Ed.), Íslensk Spendýr (pp. 204-211). Reykjavik: Vaka-Helgafell.
Víkingsson, G. A, & Gunnlaugsson, T. (2010). Sei whales in the Central Atlantic - A review of available information. SC/17/AS/04 for the NAMMCO Scientific Committee.
Víkingsson, G. A., Pike, D. G., Desportes, G., Øien, N., Gunnlaugsson, T., & Bloch, D. (2009). Distribution and abundance of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Northeast and Central Atlantic as inferred from the North Atlantic Sightings Surveys 1987-2001. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 7, 49-72. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2705 https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2705
Víkingsson, G. A., Pike, D. G., Valdimarsson, H., Schleimer, A., Gunnlaugsson, T., Silva, T., … Hammond, P. S. (2015). Distribution, abundance, and feeding ecology of baleen whales in Icelandic waters: have recent environmental changes had an effect? Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2015.00006 https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2015.00006
Víkingsson, G. A., & Heide‐Jørgensen, M. P. (2015). First indications of autumn migration routes and destination of common minke whales tracked by satellite in the North Atlantic during 2001-2011. Marine Mammal Science, 31(1), 376-385. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12144 https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12144
Waring, G., Nøttestad, L., Olsen, E., Skov, H., & Víkingsson, G. (2009). Distribution and density estimates of cetaceans along the mid- Atlantic Ridge during summer 2004. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 10, 137-146. https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v10i2.648
Whitehead, H. (2003). Sperm Whales. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. Retrieved from http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo3639407.html
Whitehead, H., & Hooker, S. K. (2012). Uncertain status of the northern bottlenose whale Hyperoodon ampullatus: population fragmentation, legacy of whaling and current threats. Endangered Species Research, 19(1), 47-61. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00458 https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00458
Whitehead, Hal, Brennan, S., & Grover, D. (1992). Distribution and behaviour of male sperm whales on the Scotian Shelf, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70(5), 912-918. https://doi.org/10.1139/z92-130 https://doi.org/10.1139/z92-130
Øien, N. (1996). Lagenorhynchus species in Norwegian waters as revealed from incidental observations and recent sighting surveys. Document for the IWC Scientific Committee, SC/48/SM15.
Øien, N. (2009). Distribution and abundance of large whales in Norwegian and adjacent waters based on ship surveys 1995-2001. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 7, 31-47. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2704 https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2704
Øien, N., & Hartvedt, S. (2011). Northern bottlenose whales Hyperoodon ampullatus in Norwegian and adjacent waters. Document SC/63/SM1 for the IWC Scientific Committee.
Downloads
Additional Files
- Figure 1
- Figure 2
- Figure 3
- Figure 4
- Figure 5
- Figure 6
- Figure 7
- Figure 8
- Figure 9
- Supplementary File 1
- Supplementary File 2
- Supplementary File 3
- Supplementary File 4
- Supplementary File 5
- Supplementary File 6
- Supplementary File 7
- Supplementary File 8
- Supplementary File 9
- Supplementary File 10 (corrected)
- Supplementary Files_All (corrected)
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Daniel Pike, Thorvaldur Gunnlaugsson, Bjarni Mikkelsen, Sverrir D. Halldórsson, Gísli Víkingsson
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.