Lexical aspect in Spanish: contrasts, syntactic structures and semantic interpretations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7557/1.11.3.6692Keywords:
lexical aspect, Aktionsart, states, activities, accomplishments, achievements, telicity, dynamicityAbstract
The different distinctions related to lexical aspect –state, activity, accomplishments and achievements– play an important role in the grammar of Spanish, but many of the details about how these distinctions can be implemented are unclear: which features distinguish between the classes, how the classes relate to each other, what is the nature of telicity or dynamicity and how one can account for the alternations that a verb is subject to involving its aspect are some of the most important problems from this perspective. The goal of this article is to provide a sufficient empirical base to address these questions and present the current alternatives to answer them.
References
Abusch, D. 1986. Verbs of Change, Causation, and Time. Report CSLI-86-50. Stanford, CA: Center for the Study of Language and Information.
Arad, M. 1998. VP-Structure and the Syntax-Lexicon Interface. PhD dissertation, University College London. Arche 2006
Arche, M. J. 2006. Individuals in Time. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/la.94
Arche, M. J., Fábregas, A. & Marín, R. 2021. On event-denoting deadjectival nominalizations. The Linguistic Review 38 (2), 191-231. https://doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2021-2063
Bach, E. 1981. On time, tense, and aspect: An essay in English metaphysics. In P. Cole (ed.), Radical pragmatics. New York: Academic Press, pp. 63-81.
Bach, E. 1986. The algebra of events. Linguistics and Philosophy, 9, 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00627432
Belletti, A. &Rizzi, L. 1988. Psych-verbs and theta-theory. Natural Language andNatural Language and Linguistic Theory, 6, 291–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00133902
Bello, A. 1847. Gramática de la lengua castellana destinada al uso de los americanos. Ed. by Ramón Trujillo [1981], Tenerife, Aula de Cultura de Tenerife.
Bennett, M., and Partee, B. H. (1972). Toward the logic of tense and aspect in English. Santa Monica, CA: System Development Corporation
Bennis, H. 2000. Adjectives and argument structure. In Peter Coopmans, Martin Everaert & Jane Grimshaw (eds.), Lexical specification and insertion, 27–67. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.197.04ben
Bertinetto, P. M. 1995. Temporal reference, aspect and actionality. Torino: Rosenberg and Sellier.
Bertinetto, P.-M. & A. Lenci. 2011. Habituality, pluractionality and imperfectivity. In R. Binnick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Tense and Aspect. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 852-881.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195381979.013.0030
Binnick, R. I. 1991. Time and the verb: A guide to tense and aspect. New York: Oxford University Press.
Borer, H. 2005. The normal course of events. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bosque, I. 1989. Las categorías gramaticales. Madrid: Síntesis.
Burzio, L. 1986. Italian syntax: A government-binding approach. Dordrecht: Reidel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4522-7
Carlson, G. 1977. Reference to kinds in English. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts.
Caudal, P., and Nicolas, D. 2005. Types of degrees and types of event structures. In C. Maienborn and A. Wallstein-Leisten (eds.), Event arguments: Foundations and applications. Tübingen: Niemeyer. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110913798.277
Chierchia, G. 1995. Individual-level predicates as inherent generics. In G. N. Carlson and F. J. Pelletier (eds.), The generic book. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 176-223.
Comrie, B. 1976. Aspect: An introduction to the study of verbal aspect and related problems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Davidson, D. 1967. The logical form of action sentences. In N. Rescher (ed.), The logic of decision and action (pp. 81–95). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, pp. 81-95.
De Miguel, E. & M. Fernández Lagunilla. 1998. El operador aspectual 'se'. Revista Española de Lingüística 30, 13-44.
De Miguel, E. 1992. El aspecto en la gramática del español. Perfectividad e impersonalidad. Madrid, Ediciones de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
De Miguel, E. 1996. Nominal infinitives in Spanish: an aspectual constraint. The Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 41, 29-53. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008413100020247
De Miguel, E. 1999. El aspecto léxico. In: Bosque, Ignacio, & Demonte, Violeta (eds), Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española, vol. 2, ch. 46. Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 2977–3060.
Depraetere, I. 1995. On the Necessity of Distinguishing Between (Un)boundedness and (A)telicity. Linguistics and Philosophy 18, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984959
Diez, F. 1844. Grammaire des langues romanes. Paris: F. Viewerg.
Dowty, D. R. 1977. Toward a semantic analysis of verb aspect and the English “Imperfective” progressive. Linguistics and Philosophy, 1, 45–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351936
Dowty, D. R. 1979. Word meaning and Montague Grammar: The semantics of verbs and times in Generative Semantics and in Montagueʼs PTQ. Dordrecht: Reidel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9473-7
Embick, D. 2004. On the Structure of Resultative Participles in English. Linguistic Inquiry, 35: 3, 355–92. https://doi.org/10.1162/0024389041402634
Fábregas, A. & Marín, R. 2017. On non-dynamic eventive verbs in Spanish. Linguistics, 55(3), 451–488. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2017-0001
Fábregas, A. 2012. A guide to IL and SL in Spanish: properties, problems and proposals. Borealis 1, 1-72. https://doi.org/10.7557/1.1.2.2296
Fábregas, A. 2015. Imperfecto and indefinido in Spanish: what, where and how. Borealis 4, 1-70. https://doi.org/10.7557/1.4.2.3534
Fábregas, A. 2020. The syntax and semantics of degree expressions. Borealis 9, 1-112. https://doi.org/10.7557/1.9.2.5575
Fernández Lagunilla, M. & E. De Miguel. 2002. Adverbios de manera e información aspectual. In María Dolores Muñoz Núñez, Ana Isabel Rodríguez-Piñero Alcalá, Gérard Fernández Smith, Victoria Benítez Soto (eds.), IV Congreso de Lingüistica General: Cádiz del 3 al 6 de abril 2000, Vol. 3. Cádiz: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Cádiz, pp. 1009-1020
Fernández Lagunilla, M. 2000. Aproximación aspectual a la gramática de 'ver'. In J. L. Girón Alconchel, S. Iglesias, F. J. Herrero Ruiz de Loizaga, A. Narbona Jiménez & J. J de Bustos Tovar (eds.), Estudios ofrecidos al profesor José Jesús de Bustos Tovar. Madrid: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, pp. 85-98.
Fernández Ordóñez, I. 1999. Leísmo, laísmo y loísmo. Chap. 21 of: Bosque, Ignacio, & Demonte, Violeta (eds), Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española, vol. 1. Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1317–1398.
Filip, H. 1996. Quantification, Aspect and Lexicon. Proceedings of the ESSLLI '96 Conference on Formal Grammar, Geert-Jan M. Kruijff, Glynn Morrill, Dick Oehrle (eds.). Prague: Charles University. 1996, 43-56.
Filip, H. 1999. Aspect, Eventuality Types anNominal Reference. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group (Garland).
Filip, H. 2011. Lexical aspect. In R. Binnick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Tense and Aspect. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 721-752. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195381979.013.0025
Fillmore, C. J. 1982. Towards a descriptive framework for spatial deixis. In R. J. Jarvell and W. Klein (eds), Speech, Place and Action: Studies in Deixis and Related Topics. London: Wiley, 31–59.
Folli, R., & Harley, H. 2005. Flavors of v: Consuming results in Italian and English. In: Slabakova, R., & Kempchinsky, P. (eds), Aspectual Inquiries. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 95-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3033-9_5
Folli, R., & Harley, H. 2008. Teleology and animacy in external arguments. Lingua, 118(2), 190–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2007.02.004
García Pardo, A. 2018. The morphosyntax of states: deriving aspect and event roles from argument structure. PhD thesis, University of. Southern California.
Gawron, J. M. 2005. Generalized paths. Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT) 15. Ithaca: Cornell University.
Gawron, J. M. 2007. Differentiating mereological and degree based approaches to aspect. Paper presented at the Workshop on the Syntax and Semantics of Measurability. University of Tromsø.
Gentner, D. 1978. On Relational Meaning: The Acquisition of Verb Meaning. Child Development. 49:988–998. https://doi.org/10.2307/1128738
Goldberg, A.E. 2001. Patient Arguments of Causative Verbs Can Be Omitted: The Role of Information Structure in Argument Distribution. Language Sciences 23, 503-524.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0388-0001(00)00034-6
Grimshaw, J. 1990. Argument strucfure. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Gropen, Jess, Steven Pinker, Michelle Hollander and Richard Goldberg. 1991. Affectedness and Direct Objects: The Role of Lexical Semantics in the Acquisition of Verb Argument Structure. Cognition 41:153–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(91)90035-3
Gruber, J. S. 1965. Studies in lexical relations. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.
Guerssel, M., K. Hale, M. Laughren, B. Levin, and J. White Eagle. 1985. A Cross-Linguistic Study of Transitivity Alternations, Papers from the Parasession on Causatives and Agentivity, Chicago Linguistic Society, 48-63.
Hale, K. & S. J. Keyser. 1993. On argument structure and the lexical expression of syntactic relations. In Kenneth Hale & Samuel J. Keyser (eds.), The view from building 20, 53–110. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Hale, K. & S. J. Keyser. 2002. Prolegomena to a theory of argument structure. Cambridge: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/5634.001.0001
Hallman, P. 2009. Proportions in time: interactions of quantification and aspect. Natural language semantics 17, pp. 29-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-008-9038-y
Harley, H. 1995. Subjects, Events and Licensing. Ph.D. thesis, MIT.
Harley, H. 2005. How do verbs get their names? Denominal verbs, manner incorporation, and the ontology of verb roots in English. In The syntax of aspect, ed. by Nomi Erteschik-Shir and Tova Rapoport, 42-64. Oxford: Oxford University. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280445.003.0003
Hay, J., Kennedy, C., and Levin, B. 1999. Scale structure underlies telicity in “degree achievements.” Semantics and Linguistic Theory 9, 127–144. Ithaca: CLC. https://doi.org/10.3765/salt.v9i0.2833
Hernanz, M. Ll. 1988. En torno a la sintaxis y semántica de los complementos predicativos en español. Estudis de sintaxis. Estudi General 8, 7-29.
Hernanz, M. Ll. 1999. El infinitivo. In I. Bosque & V. Demonte (dirs.), Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española. Madrid: Espasa, pp. 2197-2357.
Hinrichs, E. 1985. A compositional semantics for Aktionsarten and NP reference in English. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University.
Jackendoff, R. S. 1983. Semantics and cognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Jackendoff, R. S. 1985. Multiple subcategorization and the theta-criterion: The case of climb. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 3: 271-296. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00154264
Jackendoff, R. S. 1990. Semantic structures. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Jackendoff, R. S. 1996. The proper treatment of measuring out, telicity, and perhaps even quantification in English. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 14, 305–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00133686
Jaque, M. 2014. La expresión de la estatividad en español: niveles de representación y grados de dinamicidad. Ph.D. thesis, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Kamp, H. and U. Reyle, 1993. From Discourse to Logic, vol. 2. Dordrecht: Kluwer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1616-1
Kearns, K. 2007. Telic senses of deadjectival verbs. Lingua, 117, 26–66.
Kennedy, C., and Levin, B. 2008. Measure of change: The adjectival core of degree achievements. In L. McNally and C. Kennedy (eds.), Adjectives and adverbs: Syntax, semantics and discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kennedy, C., and McNally, L. 2005. Scale structure, degree modification and the semantic typology of gradable predicates. Language, 81, 345–381. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2005.0071
Kenny, A. 1963. Action, emotion and will. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Kim, J. 1966. On the psycho-physical identity theory. American Philosophical Quarterly 3.
Kiparsky, P. 1997. Remarks on Denominal Verbs. In A. Alsina, J. Bresnan, and P. Sells, eds., Complex Predicates, CSLI Publications, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 473-499.
Kratzer, A. 1995. Stage and individual level predicates. In G. Carlson and F. Pelletier (eds.), The Generic Book. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
Kratzer, A. 2000. Building statives. In Conathan, Lisa J., Good, J., Kavitskaya, Darya, Wulf, Alyssa B., &Yu, Alan C. L. (eds), Proceedings of the 26th Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Linguistics Society, 385-99. https://doi.org/10.3765/bls.v26i1.1131
Krifka, M. 1986. Nominalreferenz und Zeitkonstitution: Zur Semantik von Massentermen, Individualtermen, Aspektklassen. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Munich. Published 1989, Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.
Krifka, M. 1992. Thematic relations as links between nominal reference and temporal constitution. In I. Sag and A. Szabolsci (eds.), Lexical matters. Stanford: CSLI, pp. 29-53.
Krifka, M. 1998. The origins of telicity. In S. Rothstein (ed.), Events and grammar (pp. 197–235). Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 197-235. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3969-4_9
Lakoff, G. 1966. Stative adjectives and verbs in English. In: Oettinger, A. G. (ed.), Mathematical Linguistics and Automatic Translation. The Computation Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, I-1-I-16.
Lakoff, G. 1970. Irregularity in syntax. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Landau, I. 2010. The Locative Syntax of Experiencers. Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 53. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8387.001.0001
Landmann, Fred. 1992. The progressive. Natural language semantics, 1(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02342615
Langacker, R. W. 1987. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Vol. 1. Theoretical prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Lázaro Carreter, F. 1975. Sobre la pasiva en español. In Homenaje al Instituto de Filología «Dr. Amado Alonso» en su cincuentenario (1923-1973), Buenos Aires, pp. 200-209.
Leech, G. N. 1969. Towards a semantic description of English. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Lenz, R. 1935. La oración y sus partes. Estudios de gramática general y castellana. Madrid, Centro de Estudios Históricos.
Levin, B. & M. Rappaport Hovav. 2010. Reflections on manner/result complementarity. In M. Rappaport-Hovav, E. Doron & I. Sichel (eds.), Lexical semantics, syntax and event structure. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199544325.001.0001
Levin, B. 2000. Aspect, lexical semantic representation, and argument expression. Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistic Society (BLS) 26 (pp. 413–429). Berkeley. https://doi.org/10.3765/bls.v26i1.1129
Levin, B. and M. Rappaport Hovav. 1991. Wiping the Slate Clean, Cognition 41, 123-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(91)90034-2
Levin, B., & Rappaport-Hovav, M. 2005. Argument Realization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610479
Levin, B., and Rappaport Hovav, M. 1995. Unaccusativity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Levin, Beth. 1993. English Verb Classes and Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Levin, Beth. 1999. Objecthood: An Event Structure Perspective. CLS 35, Part 1, 223-247.
Maienborn, C. 2003. On Davidsonian and Kimian states. Existence : Semantics and syntax , ed. by Ileana Comorovski and Klaus von Heusinger, 107-30. Dordrecht: Kluwer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6197-4_4
Maienborn, C. 2005. On the limits of the Davidsonian approach: The case of copula sentences. Theoretical Linguistics, 31, 275–316. https://doi.org/10.1515/thli.2005.31.3.275
Maienborn, C. 2007. On Davidsonian and Kimian states. In: Comorovski, I., & von Heusinger, K. (eds), Existence: Semantics and Syntax. Dordrecht: Springer, 107-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6197-4_4
Marco, C. 1990. La categoría de aspecto verbal y su manifestación en diferentes lenguas. Lingüística Española Actual XII, 29-43.
Marín, R. 2000. El componente aspectual de la predicación. Ph.D. thesis, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.
Marín, R. 2011. Casi todos los predicados psicológicos son estativos. In Ángeles Carrasco Gutiérrez (ed), Sobre estados y estatividad. Munich: Lincom Studies in Theoretical Linguistics, 26–44
Marín, R., & McNally, L. 2011. Inchoativity, change of state and telicity: evidence from Spanish reflexive psychological verbs. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 29: 2, 467–502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-011-9127-3
Martín García, J. 1998. Gramática y diccionario: el prefijo re-. PhD thesis, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Mateu, J. 2002. Argument Structure. Relational Construal at the Syntax-Semantics Interface. Ph.D. thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
Mittwoch, A. 1982. On the difference between eating and eating something: activities versus accomplishments. Linguistic Inquiry 13: 113–22.
Mittwoch, A. 1988. Aspects of English aspect: on the interaction of perfect, progressive and durational phrases. Linguistics and Philosophy 11: 203–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00632461
Mittwoch, A. 1991. In defense of Vendler’s achievements. Belgian Journal of Linguistics 6 (Perspectives on aspect and aktionsart). https://doi.org/10.1075/bjl.6
Mittwoch, A. 2005. Unspecified Arguments in Episodic and Habitual Sentences. In N. Erteschik-Shir and T. Rapoport, eds., The Syntax of Aspect, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 237-254. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280445.003.0011
Moens, M. & Steedman, M. 1988. Temporal Ontology and Temporal Reference. Computational Linguistics, 14: 2, 15–28.
Molho, M. 1975. Sistemática del verbo español. Aspecto, modos, tiempos. Madrid, Gredos.
Mourelatos, A. P. D. 1978. Events, processes and states. Linguistics and Philosophy, 2, 415–434. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00149015
Pancheva, M. 2012. Decomposing path: the nanosyntax of directional expressions. PhD thesis, CASTL, University of Tromsø.
Parsons, T. 1990. Events in the semantics of English: A study in subatomic semantics. Current Studies in Linguistics Series, 19. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Perlmutter, D. 1978. Impersonal passive and the unaccusative hypothesis. BLS 4, Berkeley, CA. https://doi.org/10.3765/bls.v4i0.2198
Pesetsky, D. 1995. Zero Syntax: Experiencers and Cascades. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Piñón, C. 1997. Achievements in an event semantics. In A. Lawson and E. Cho (eds.), Proceedings of SALT 7, pp. 273–296. https://doi.org/10.3765/salt.v7i0.2781
Portner, P. 1998. The progressive in modal semantics. Language 74, 760-767. https://doi.org/10.2307/417002
Portolés, J. 1999. La interfijación. In I. Bosque & V. Demonte (dirs.), Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española. Madrid: Espasa, pp. 5041-5075.
Poutsma, H. 1926. A grammar of Late Modern English. London: Longman.
Pustejovsky, J. 1991. The Syntax of Event Structure. Cognition 41: 47-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(91)90032-Y
Pylkkänen, L. 2000. On Stativity and Causation. In: Tenny, C., & Pustejovsky, J. (eds), Events as Grammatical Objects: The Converging Perspectives of Lexical Semantics and Syntax. CSLI Publications, 417-445.
RAE & ASALE. 2009. Nueva gramática de la lengua española. Madrid: Espasa.
Ramchand, G. 1997. Aspect and predication: The semantics of argument structure. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Ramchand, G. C. 2008. VerbMeaning and the Lexicon: A First Phase Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486319
Ramchand, G. C. 2018. Situations and syntactic structure. Cambridge: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037754.001.0001
Rappaport Hovav, M. and B. Levin. 2005. Change of State Verbs: Implications for Theories of Argument Projection, in N. Erteschik-Shir and T. Rapoport, eds., The Syntax of Aspect, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 274-286. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280445.003.0013
Rappaport Hovav, Malka and Beth Levin 1998. BuildingVerb Meanings. In Miriam Butt and Willi Geuder (eds.), The Projection of Arguments: Lexical and Compositional Factors. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications 97-134.
Real Puigdollers, C. 2010. Lexicalization by phase. PhD thesis, CLT.
Rigau, G. 1994. Les proprietats dels verbs pronominals. Els Marges 50, 29-39.
Rodríguez Ramalle, T. 2001. Los adverbios de manera como predicados de los subeventos verbales. Revista de la Sociedad Española de Lingüística 31, 107-143.
Rothmayr, A. 2009. The Structure of Stative Verbs. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/la.143
Rothstein, S. 2004. Structuring Events. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470759127
Rotstein, C., and Winter, Y. 2004. Total adjectives vs. partial adjectives: Scale structure and higher-order modifiers. Natural Language Semantics, 12, 259–288. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NALS.0000034517.56898.9a
Ryle, G. 1949. The concept of mind. London: Barnes & Noble.
Smith, C. S. 1991. The parameter of aspect. Dordrecht: Kluwer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7911-7
Stowell, T. 1991. The alignment of arguments in adjective phrases. In Susan Rothstein (ed.), Perspectives on phrase structure: Heads and licensing, 105–135. New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004373198_007
Suñer, A. 1990. La predicación secundaria en español. PhD thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
Talmy, L. 1988. The relation of grammar to cognition. In B. Rudzka-Ostyn (ed.), Topics in cognitive linguistics. Amsterdam: Benjamins, pp. 165-205. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.50.08tal
Tenny, C. 1987. Grammaticalizing aspect and affectedness. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.
Tenny, C. 1994. Aspectual roles and the syntax-semantics interface. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1150-8
Torrego, E. 1998. The dependencies of objects. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/2337.001.0001
Truswell, R. 2007. Extraction from adjuncts and the structure of events. Lingua 117, 1355-1377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.06.003
Van Valin, R. D., Jr., and LaPolla, R. L. 1997. Structure, meaning and function. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Varela, S. 1990. Fundamentos de morfología. Madrid: Síntesis.
Vendler, Z. 1957. Verbs and times. Philosophical Review, 56, 143–160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2182371
Vendler. Z. 1967. Linguistics and philosophy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501743726
Verkuyl, H. J. 1972. On the compositional nature of the aspects. Dordrecht: Reidel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2478-4
Verkuyl, H. J. 1993. A Theory of Aspectuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511597848
Vlach, F. 1981. The semantics of the progressive. In P. Tedeschi & A. Zaenen (Eds.), Syntax and semantics, Vol. 14, Tense and Aspect. New York: Academic Press
Washio, R. 1997. Resultatives, compositionality and language variation. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, Journal of East Asian Linguistics 6, 1-49. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008257704110
Wiltschko, M. 2014. The universal structure of categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139833899
Zagona, K. 1996. Compositionality of aspect: evidence from Spanish aspectual se.In C. Parodi, C. Quicoli, M. Salterelli & M.-L. Zubizarreta (eds), Aspects ofRomance Linguistics. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press), 475–488
Zucchi, A. 2011. Progressive. The imperfective paradox. In D. Gutzmann, L. Matthewson, C. Meier & H. Rullmann (eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Semantics. Oxford: Wiley.
Zwarts, J. 2000. Vectors across spatial domains: from place to size, orientation, shape and parts. In E. van der Zee and J. Slack (eds.), Proceedings of the Workshop on Axes and Vectors in Language and Space. Lincoln: University of Lincolnshire and Humberside, pp. 105-118.
Zwarts, J., and Winter, Y. 1997. A semantic characterization of locative PPs. In A. Lawson (ed.), Semantics and Linguistic Theory 7. Ithaca: CLC, pp. 294-311. https://doi.org/10.3765/salt.v7i0.2798
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Antonio Fábregas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.