Sobre la posible naturaleza discreta de las categorías léxicas
Evidencias del estudio psico- y neurolingüístico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7557/1.13.1.7540Keywords:
categorías léxicas, psicolingüística, neurolingüística, naturaleza continua, naturaleza discretaAbstract
Dentro del debate clásico entre la naturaleza discreta o continua de los fenómenos lingüísticos, existe una controversia acerca de la relación que mantienen entre sí las distintas categorías léxicas y sobre la relación que mantienen, internamente, las distintas palabras que forman parte de una determinada categoría. En esta contribución presentamos los resultados de los estudios topológicos que aporta la Neurolingüística y de los estudios de adquisición, pérdida, procesamiento y almacenamiento que se realizan en Psicolingüística para tratar de comprobar si existe algún indicio a favor o en contra de la naturaleza discreta de las categorías léxicas, con especial atención a la distinción entre nombres y verbos y a las lenguas indoeuropeas. Como resultado de este trabajo, consideramos que existen indicios suficientes para considerar que los hablantes distinguen de forma discreta y homogénea las categorías léxicas, pero que, además, establecen una serie de correlaciones adicionales entre los miembros de estas categorías y diferentes propiedades (entre las que destaca el componente semántico). En este sentido, creemos necesario que se distinga entre estos dos niveles de estudio: la naturaleza discreta y automatizada de las categorías léxicas y las diversas correlaciones que tanto los hablantes como los propios investigadores pueden hacer con distintas variables de estudio.
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