Kunnskapsoppsummering og klassifisering av tiltaket: Parent Management Training – The Oregon Model (PMTO) som individuell foreldreveiledning (2. utg.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7557/25.7591Emneord (Nøkkelord):
Kunnskapsoppsummering, foreldreveiledningstiltak, foreldre, atferdsvansker, veiledning, ForeldreveiledningSammendrag
Bakgrunn: Denne artikkelen er en kunnskapsoppsummering av effektene av Parent Management Training- Oregonmodellen (PMTO), gitt som et individuelt foreldreveiledningstiltak. Tiltaket består av ukentlige veiledningsmøter med foreldre, av ulik varighet. Målgruppen er familier med barn som har atferdsvansker. Tiltaket er utviklet ved Oregon Social Learning Center. Nasjonalt utviklingssenter for barn og unge (NUBU; tidligere Atferdssenteret AS) har de norske rettighetene.
Metode: Litteratursøk i Embase, Medline, Psykinfo, NORART, Cochrane, Cristin, NORA, SCOPUS, SweMed ble supplert med to artikler. Totalt 26 artikler ble funnet å være relevante, hvorav ni publikasjoner basert på syv studier undersøker tiltakets effekt/effektivitet.
Resultater: PMTO er et godt beskrevet tiltak med en systematisk implementeringsstrategi. Det er gjennomført én norsk og én islandsk RCT effektivitetsstudie med målinger før og etter behandling og én norsk studie av langtidseffekter ett år etter avsluttet behandling. I tillegg er det gjennomført én studie på effektene ved spredningen av tiltaket i vanlig praksis i Norge, som også er brukt for å evaluere effektene av PMTO på undergrupper. Effektene av PMTO er også sammenlignet med et annet foreldreveiledningsprogram (De utrolige Årene; DuÅ). Det er gjennomført én norsk og én islandsk studie av metodeintegritet. Alle studiene holder moderat høy forskningsmetodisk kvalitet. Med unntak av sammenligningen med DuÅ er det funnet statistisk signifikante effekter av PMTO som, selv om de er små og ikke helt konsistente, er funnet å ha praktisk betydning. Testing av statistiske modeller tyder på at tiltakets virkningsmekanisme er i tråd med tiltakets teoretiske modell.
Konklusjon: PMTO som individuelt foreldreveiledningstiltak for barn med atferdsvansker klassifiseres på evidensnivå 5 – Tiltak med sterk dokumentasjon på effekt.
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