Kunnskapsoppsummering og klassifisering av tiltaket: Olweus programmet (OBPP) – et skoleomfattende program mot mobbing og antisosial atferd (2. utg.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7557/25.7584Emneord (Nøkkelord):
grunnskole, forebyggende, forebygging av mobbing, antisosial atferd, program, KunnskapsoppsummeringSammendrag
Bakgrunn: Olweus programmet (Olweus Bully Prevention Program; OBPP) skal redusere mobbing og antisosial atferd i skolen gjennom å skape et trygt og godt læringsmiljø for alle. Denne artikkelen er en kunnskapsoppsummering om effekter av det forebyggende og skoleomfattende OBPP mot mobbing og antisosial atferd i grunnskolen, en vurdering av om tiltaket er virksomt og anbefalt til bruk i norske skoler.
Metode: Kunnskapsoppsummeringen bygger på systematiske litteratursøk i ulike databaser som Embase, Medline, Psykinfo, Norart, Cochrane, Cristin, Nora, Scopus, Campbell og Blueprint. I tillegg er informasjon innhentet fra tiltakseier.
Resultater: Det ble identifisert seks norske effektstudier, tre egne effektstudier fra USA og to uavhengige studier fra USA, to internasjonale meta-analyser og en internasjonal vurdering (Blueprint, som viser at OPBB oppfyller kravene til såkalt Blueprint- eller modellprogram). Resultatene inkluderer en vurdering av programmets beskrivelse, effektstudier, kvalitet av forskningsmetoder og implementeringskvalitet. Programmet er svært godt beskrevet og har svært gode system for å styrke implementeringskvalitet. Effekten av OBPP er godt beskrevet og dokumentert. Samtidig vil norske effektstudier som i større grad oppfyller dagens krav til dokumentasjon, som omfatter en bredere alderssammensetning og dermed større deler av målgruppen, som er elever i grunnskolen og flere uavhengige studier, styrke dokumentasjonen ytterligere. Resultatene må ses i lys av at utvikling og implementering av OBPP også har etablert et helt nytt fagfelt og forsking innen dette feltet, og representerer et arbeid som strekker seg tilbake til 1970-tallet.
Konklusjon: OBPP klassifiseres etter Ungsinn.no sine kriterier som et dokumentert virksomt tiltak på evidensnivå 5: Tiltak med sterk dokumentasjon på effekt.
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