An overview of Holocene climate reconstructions in northernmost Fennoscandia

A contribution to the Stone Age Demographics project

Forfattere

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7557/7.5747

Emneord (Nøkkelord):

climate change, Fennoscandia, Holocene thermal maximum, Holocene thermal decline, Northern Europe, temperature reconstructions

Sammendrag

Her presenteres en oversikt over klimarekonstruksjoner for det nordligste Fennoskandia, med vekt på sommertemperaturer og nedbør. I den tidligste delen av Holocen (11,700–10,000 år før nåtid) steg temperaturen raskt og fulgtes av et klima preget av milde, våte og variable forhold. Rundt 9500 før nåtid ser det ut som temperaturen steg kraftig, men mange klimarekonstruksjoner indikerer at den varmeste perioden i Holocen først begynte ca. 8000 år før nåtid. I tidlig Holocen er det generelt ganske store avvik mellom ulike klimarekonstruksjoner. Mulige forklaringer er at klimaforholdene var helt forskjellige fra dagens og vanskelig lar seg sammenlikne, og/eller at vegetasjonen ikke rakk å tilpasse seg til de snabbe miljøforandringer. Geografiske variasjoner i klimaendringer kan langt på vei forklares med variasjoner i styrken på de vestlige vinder og Nordkappstrømmen. Den høyeste rekonstruerte temperaturen under den Holocene varmeperioden er på den andre siden ganske lik i de fleste klimarekonstruksjonene – ca. 1–2°C høyere enn dagens (1961–1990). Rundt 10,000 før nåtid var det rikelig med nedbør, men det minsket så frem imot 8000 før nåtid, hvoretter tørre forhold ble vanlige. Etter en stabil periode 8000–6000 før nåtid begynner en gradvis avkjøling av klimaet, med mer abrupte endringer i perioden 4500-3800 før nåtid. Det varme og tørre klimaet som karakteriserte den mellomste delen av Holocen går nå over i det kjølige, våte og ustabile klima som kjennetegner den sene Holocen. Fra rundt 2800 før nåtid og fremover er klimaet mer eller mindre likt dagens (1961-1990). Den Holocene varmeperioden kan defineres på flere måter: a) at sommertemperaturen var høyere enn dagens, ca. 9500–4000 før nåtid; b) når sommertemperaturen var høyest under Holocen, ca. 9500–6000 før nåtid; og/eller c) samtidig med den mest varmekrevende vegetasjonen, ca. 8000–4000 før nåtid. Før 8000 før nå var det sannsynligvis et etterslep i vegetasjonen i forhold til klimaendringene, mens klima og vegetasjon var mer i likevekt etter 8000 før nåtid. 

Nedlastinger

Nedlastingsdata er ikke tilgjengelig enda.

Statistikk

Laster statistikk…

Forfatterbiografi

Per J.E. Sjögren, UiT Norges arktiske universitet

Norges arktiske universitetsmuseum

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Nedlastinger

Publisert

2021-02-15

Hvordan referere

Sjögren, P. J. (2021). An overview of Holocene climate reconstructions in northernmost Fennoscandia: A contribution to the Stone Age Demographics project. Septentrio Reports, (3). https://doi.org/10.7557/7.5747

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