Pimitamon: Conceptualizing a New Canadian North through the Graphic Narratives of Jeff Lemire

Forfattere

  • David Beard UM-Duluth
  • John Moffatt Ron and Jane Graham School of Professional Development, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7557/13.5540

Emneord (Nøkkelord):

Settler-colonial studies, Jeff Lemire, Canada, Rhetoric, Crossroads, Indigenous studies

Sammendrag

In Essex County, in Secret Path (his collaboration with Gord Downie), in Roughneck, and in his creation of the indigenous Canadian superhero Equinox for Justice League United: Canada, Jeff Lemire highlights a vision of the Canadian ‘north’ as transformative space. In Lemire’s hands, ‘the north’ is where Chanie Wenjack’s historical reality (Secret Path), Derek and Beth Ouelette’s personal demons (Roughneck), and Miiyahbin Marten’s life as an ordinary indigenous teen in Moose Factory, Ontario (Justice League United Volume 1: Justice League Canada) all undergo a transformation which speaks to shifting perceptions of identity, responsibility, and belonging in Canada. The north becomes a site where Lemire (and Lemire’s readers) directly confront how even a deliberate act of intended reconciliation between settler-colonial and indigenous peoples can effectively colonize the space in which it occurs. All three works, in different ways, deploy rhetorical strategies to minimize the ‘collateral damage’ that is probably unavoidable, and even perhaps necessary, in the articulation of the kind of anticolonial dialogue toward which Lemire’s work is oriented.

Forfatterbiografi

John Moffatt, Ron and Jane Graham School of Professional Development, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan

John Moffatt is Associate Professor at the Ron and Jane Graham School of Professional Development, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, where he teaches courses in rhetorical communication. His research centres on rhetorics of Canadian identity, with a focus on the construction of credible and ethical witness in how discourses relating to issues like Northern Development, Diversity, and Indigenization are framed for ‘mainstream’ audiences.

Referanser

Adams, Ian. 1967. ‘The Lonely Death of Chanie Wenjack’. Macleans, 1 February. https://www.macleans.ca/society/the-lonely-death-of-chanie-wenjack/.

Andrew-Gee, Eric. 2017. ‘The Making of Joseph Boyden’. Globe and Mail, 4 August. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/joseph-boyden/article35881215/.

Atwood, Margaret. 1976. ‘Backdrop Addresses Cowboy’. Selected Poems. Toronto: OUP, 70–71.

Baldassarri, Elena. 2017. ‘The Northwest Passage as a Voyage to Myth and Adventure’. Northwest Passage (Virtual Exhibitions 2017, No. 1). http://www.environmentandsociety.org/exhibitions/northwest-passage/northwest-passage-voyage-myth-and-adventure.

Birkwood, Susan. 2008. ‘From “Naked Country” to “Sheltering Ice”: Rudy Wiebe’s Revisionist Treatment of John Franklin’s First Arctic Narrative’. Nordlit 12(1): 25–38. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.1161.

Blake, Jason. 2017. ‘Review of Roughneck’. American Review of Canadian Studies 47(4): 430–431.

Bowerbank, Sylvia. 1998. ‘Telling Stories about Places’. Nordlit 1(1): 73–84. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.2201.

Bitzer, Lloyd. 1968. ‘The Rhetorical Situation’. Philosophy and Rhetoric 1: 1-14.

Boyden, Joseph. 2016. Wenjack. Toronto: Hamish Hamilton.

Carley, Georgia. 2016. ‘Chanie Wenjack’. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/charlie-wenjack.

CBC News. 2013. ‘New DC Comics Superhero Inspired by Young Cree Activist’. CBC News. 30 October. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/new-dc-comics-superhero-inspired-by-young-cree-activist-1.2288680.

Charland, Maurice. 1986. ‘Technological Nationalism’. Canadian Journal of Political and Social Theory 10(1): 196–220.

Chartier, Daniel. 2007. ‘Towards a Grammar of the Idea of North: Nordicity, Winterity’. Nordlit 11(2): 35–47. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.1498.

Downie, Gord. 2016. ‘Statement by Gord Downie, Ogoki Post, Ontario, September 9, 2016’. Available at https://secretpath.ca/.

Downie, Gord, and Jeff Lemire. 2016. Secret Path. Toronto: Simon and Schuster Canada.

Fredriksen, Lill Tove. 2008. ‘Depicting a Sámi Society Between Tradition and Modernization: The Strategies of Coping in Jovnna-Ánde Vest’s Trilogy Árbbolaccat’. Nordlit 12(1): 55–68. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.1163.

Friend, David. 2017. ‘Jeff Lemire on Intersections of Roughneck, Work with Gord Downie on Secret Path’. The Canadian Press, 27 April. Available at https://nationalpost.com/entertainment/lemire-explores-addiction-violence-in-roughneck/wcm/ff7d4019-68a0-459a-8640-c047aae400b1.

Frost, Sabine. 2008. ‘White In. White Out. The Noticeability of Text. Conspicuous Text’. Nordlit 12(1): 89–102. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.1180.

Glissant, Édouard. 1997. Poetics of Relation. Trans. by Betsy Wing. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Grace, Sherill E. 2002. Canada and the Idea of North. McGill: Queen's University Press.

Granatstein, Jack. 2008. ‘Multiculturalism and Canadian Foreign Policy’. In The World in Canada: Diaspora, Demography, and Domestic Politics, ed. by David Carment and David Bercuson, 78–91. McGill: Queen's University Press.

Greve, Anniken. 1998. ‘Community and Place’. Nordlit 1(1): 7–22. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.2198.

Halvorsen, Rune. 2004. ‘Dynamics of Control and Resistance: Reactions to the Modern Policy of Assimilation of the Travellers in Norway’. Nordlit 8, 1 (2004), 149-66. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.1913.

Hamelin, Louis-Edmond. 1975. Nordicité canadienne, Montréal: Hurtubise HMH, coll. Cahiers du Québec. Géographie.

Hazell, Bo. 2004. ‘The Majority Society’s View of “the Other” Versus the Minority’s View of Itself. How the Traveller People Are Reflected in Selected Texts from Both Sides’. Nordlit 8(1): 67–89. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.1914.

Ikard, David. 2017. Lovable Racists, Magical Negroes, and White Messiahs. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Jacobs, Dale and Greg Paziuk. 2016. ‘The Chance of Life: Jeff Lemire’s Essex County Trilogy, Canadian Identity, and the Mythos of Hockey’. Canadian Review of Comparative Literature / Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 43(1): 75–86. http://doi:10.1353/crc.2016.0011.

Kulchyski, Peter. 2004. ‘Review of Grace, Sherrill E. Canada and the Idea of North’. Études/Inuit/Studies 28(1): 197–210. https://doi.org/10.7202/012653ar.

LeClaire, Nancy and George Cardinal. 1998. Alberta Elders’ Cree Dictionary/alperta ohci kehtehayak nehiyawotwestamâkewasinahikan. Ed. by Earle Waugh. Edmonton: Duval House/University of Alberta Press.

Lemire, Jeff. 2014. Essex County. Atlanta: Top Shelf Productions.

Lemire, Jeff. Roughneck. 2017. New York: Gallery 13.

Lemire, Jeff, Eduardo Risso, Patricia Rose Mulvihill, and Clem Robins. 2018. Hit Girl in Canada. Portland: Image Comics, Inc.

Lemire, Jeff and Mike McKone. 2015. Justice League United Volume 1: Justice League Canada. Burbank: DC Comics.

Lightfoot, Gordon. 1967. ‘The Canadian Railroad Trilogy’. The Way I Feel. United Artists.

Loock, Ulrich. 2012. ‘Opacity’. Frieze Magazine. Issue 7 (Winter 2012). https://frieze.com/article/opacity.

MacDonald, Heidi. 2017. ‘Back on the Farm: Jeff Lemire’. Publishers Weekly 17 March. https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/authors/profiles/article/73088-back-on-the-farm-jeff-lemire.html.

Moose Cree Talking Dictionary. 2015. Moose Cree First Nation Language & Cultural Programs, Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages. http://www.talkingdictionary.org/moose_cree.

Mullins, Katie. 2014. ‘Embodiment, Time, and the Life Review in Jeff Lemire’s Ghost Stories’. ESC 40(4): 29–54.

Pantozzi, Jill. 2010. ‘Jeff Lemire On Why Superheroes and Boys with Antlers are Equally Great’. Publishers Weekly, 14 December. https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/comics/article/45503-jeff-lemire-on-why-superheroes-and-boys-with-antlers-are-equally-great.html.

Pissowotzki, Nicole .2009. ‘Colonial Fantasies, Narrative Borders, and the Canadian North in the Works of Germany’s Colin Ross (1885-1945)’. Nordlit 13(1): 81-98. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.1469.

Rasevych, Peter. 2002. ‘Reading Native Literature from a Traditional Indigenous Perspective: Contemporary Novels in a Windigo Society’. Master’s thesis, Lakehead University. http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca:7070/handle/2453/3181.

Reid, Scott. 2016. ‘Meet Jeff Lemire – The Next Big Thing’. Maclean’s, 6 March. https://www.macleans.ca/culture/books/jeff-lemire-is-the-next-big-thing-in-comics/.

‘Roughneck by Jeff Lenore (sic.) [Maybe Spoilers]’. 2017. https://www.reddit.com/r/graphicnovels/comments/673fuy/roughneck_by_jeff_lenoremaybe_spoilers/.

Sawchuck, Christina.2008. ‘An Arctic Republic of Letters in Early Twentieth-Century Canada’. Nordlit 12(1): 273–92. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.1319.

Schimanski, Johan, and Stephen Frank Wolfe. 2009. ‘Introduction: Cultural Production and Negotiation of Borders’. Nordlit 13(1): 5–8. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.1462.

Smallman, Shawn C. 2014. Dangerous Spirits: The Windigo in Myth and History. Victoria: Heritage House.

Smith, Will. 2015. ‘Cree, Canadian and American: Negotiating Sovereignties with Jeff Lemire's Equinox and Justice League Canada’. The Luminary, 6(1): 14–26.

Sy, Waaseyaa’sin Christine. 2014. ‘An Interview with Jeff Lemire’. Maisonneuve: A Quarterly of Arts, Opinion, and Ideas. Issue 73, 12 May. https://maisonneuve.org/article/2014/05/12/interview-jeff-lemire/.

Tagaq, Tanya. 2018. Split Tooth. Toronto: Viking.

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. 2016. Canada’s Residential Schools: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. 6 Volumes. 1039–2000. Montreal and Kingston: TRC/MQUP.

Van Camp, Richard. 1996. The Lesser Blessed. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre.

Wolvengrey, Arok, comp. 2001. nêhiýawêwin: itwêwina/Cree: Words. 2 Vols. Regina: University of Regina Press.

Wråkberg, Urban. 2007. ‘The Quest for Authenticity in Narratives of Northern Borderlands’. Nordlit 11(2): 193–209. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.1577.

Nedlastinger

Publisert

2020-12-10

Hvordan referere

Beard, David, og John Moffatt. 2020. «Pimitamon: Conceptualizing a New Canadian North through the Graphic Narratives of Jeff Lemire». Nordlit, nr. 46 (desember):160–183. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.5540.