Forbedringspotensial i den norske fødselsomsorgen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7557/14.5444Emneord (Nøkkelord):
fødselsomsorg, medikalisering, kvinnesentrert modell, childbirth model, medicalization, women-centered modelSammendrag
Tema for denne artikkelen er medikalisering i norsk fødselsomsorg. I teksten beskriver og analyserer vi noen av faktorene som er knyttet til medikalisering. Til tross for at norsk fødselsomsorg har svært gode medisinske/fysiske utfallsmål for kvinner og barn, er det behov for forbedringer. Norge, som mange andre høy-inntektsland, har for mange keisersnitt og andre fødselsintervensjoner. Medikalisering ser også ut til å føre med seg sentralisering, samt dominans over andre modeller for fødselsomsorg og helsefremmende perspektiv. Til tross for at et av målene i den norske tjenesten er en demedikalisert fødselsomsorg (på ulike nivå i helsetjenesten), har økende grad av sentralisering funnet sted de siste tiår; f.eks. har antallet jordmorledede fødeenheter/fødestuer blitt redusert. Å inkludere en kvinnesentrert modell i tjenesten kan styrke at kvinnenes behov blir møtt. I en kvinnesentrert modell er f.eks. kvinners erfaringer, deres delaktige i omsorgen de tilbys og relasjonen mellom kvinnen og jordmor/helsepersonell, svært viktig. I tillegg kan anvendelse av salutogenese-teorien bidra til å styrke fødselsomsorgens helsefremmende perspektiv.
Potential for improvement in the Norwegian childbirth model
In this paper some aspects of medicalization in the Norwegian childbirth context are described and analysed. Despite having very good medical outcomes for women and babies, there is a need for improvement. As in many other high-income countries, there are too many Caesarean sections and interventions during births. Medicalized care tends to lead to centralisation of the care and dominate over other models of care and health promoting aspects. Even if the goal of the Norwegian model is de-medicalised maternity care on different levels, centralisation have occurred during the last decades. For example midwifery-led units has decreased in numbers. Woman-centred care is a model of care that can meet what is lacking by focusing at women´s experiences, women´s participation and involvement in the care and the relationship between the woman and the care-giver. Furthermore, salutogenesis is a health promoting perspective that could contribute to maternity care.
Statistikk
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